<p>The South Union Street–Boardman River Bridge is a bridge located on South Union Street over the Boardman River in Traverse City, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The South Union Street–Boardman River Bridge is 75 ft and 40 ft wide with a 73 ft span over the Boardman River. A park with footpath runs underneath the bridge, and a dam and the attractive American Legion Memorial Bridge can be seen on each side of the bridge. Stairs lead down along the bridge to the river park beneath. The bridge is lined with a concrete balustrade railing with square spindles, and concrete parapets are at each end.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1929, Traverse City undertook planning to replace the dangerous bridges crossing the Boardman River at Cass and Union Streets. However, the state of Michigan took responsibility for the Union Street Bridge, which then carried US 31. The state surveyed the existing bridge in late 1929, and sent plans for a new structure to the city in July 1930. Bids for the bridge were solicited, and in early 1931 Jackson contractor L. W. Lamb won the contract for $66,482. Additional expenditures brought the total price to almost $78,000. The bridge was completed in 1931, and was praised as an aesthetic success, fitting into its park surroundings and making an attractive gateway for the region&#39;s tourists.</p><br>
<p>The Childs Valley is a valley in the Sonoran Desert of south-central Arizona northwest of Ajo. Upstream sections are located in far western Pima County; downstream it merges into the Gila River Valley in southwestern Maricopa County. Upstream, the valley lies northeast and parallel to the Growler Valley and Growler Mountains.</p><br>
<h2>Childs Valley description</h2><br>
<p>Childs Valley is northwest trending. The west part of the upper valley contains Daniels Wash which flows north, then west at the north end of the Growler Mountains to meet Growler Wash, the upstream, southern region of the San Cristobal Valley watershed. The eastern part of the upper Childs Valley contains Childs Wash, the western tributary to the Tenmile Wash watershed. The Childs Wash drains the northwest of the Little Ajo Mountains, where Ajo, Arizona is on its east. The east of the Little Ajo&#39;s are drained by Tenmile Wash. The Crater Range borders its northeast, and is also the northeast border of Tenmile Wash. The Aguila Mountains border the southwest between the Childs and San Cristobal valleys.</p><br>
<p>Childs Valley is northwest trending and drains into the Gila River and Park valleys.</p><br>
<p>The Little Walnut River Pratt Truss Bridge is a Pratt truss bridge constructed shortly after 1885, in Bois d&#39;Arc, Kansas. It was constructed by the Kansas City Bridge and Iron Company as a carriage, horse and pedestrian bridge over the Little Hickory Creek, which joins the Walnut River in southern Butler County. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>The Bridge</h2><br>
<p>The one lane bridge is still in use for vehicles but has a height limitation of 6 feet and 6 inches. The bridge consists of two distinct spans, one span of 102 feet and the other 75 feet in length, both of which are of the Pratt Truss bridge design.</p><br>
<p>The supporting structure is constructed of iron manufactured by the Carnegie Steel Company. The road surface is heavy timber. The total length of the bridge is 196.8 feet and the width of the deck is 13.4 feet.</p><br>
<p>The Park Valley of Arizona is a small, northwest by southeast trending valley centered on the Gila River in central-east Yuma County. The southeast border of the valley is the northern Sentinel Plain of Maricopa County which drains northwestwards toward the Gila River Valley.</p><br>
<p>Interstate 8 is on the south perimeter of the valley, with towns on I-8 of Dateland in the southwest, Aztec on the center-south, and further east, Sentinel on the southeast.</p><br>
<p>Tenmile Wash, of the Tenmile Wash Watershed has its outfall on the Gila River on the southwest of Park Valley. The coordinates for Dateland, Arizona, on the southwest border of Park Valley are 32&deg;47&prime;47&Prime;N latitude, 113&deg;32&prime;28&Prime;W longitude</p><br>
<p>Will Rogers Memorial Hospital is a historic tuberculosis sanatorium located at Saranac Lake in Essex County, New York. It was built in 1928 by the National Vaudeville Artists association, who previously sent patients to the Kennedy Cottage. It is a three story, "T" shaped, steel frame and reinforced concrete structure above a raised basement. It is faced in stucco and decorative half-timber framing in the Tudor Revival style. It features asymmetrical massing, a four story polygonal tower with a hexagonal roof, and three story pavilions with recessed sleeping porches. It was named in honor of entertainer Will Rogers  in 1936 and provided unconventional tubercular treatment to entertainment industry patients from 1930 to 1974. It also was open as a Night Club but when casinos were voted down in New York, it was closed. Then it was open as an apartment house. It stood abandoned for years slowly deteriorating. It was briefly used as press headquarters for the 1980 Winter Olympics. Finally it was bought and after a huge renovation was done both to the outside and inside, it currently houses an independent living facility known as Saranac Village at Will Rogers.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Dendora Valley is a small valley on the Gila River west of Painted Rock Dam and Reservoir. The valley is north of the river, and is the valley west of the north-south Painted Rock Mountains which form the western end of the Painted Rock Reservoir.</p><br>
<p>The Dendora Valley is only about 9 mi long. The Gila Bend Mountains form the northern border from east to west, of both Dendora Valley, and the Painted Rock Reservoir adjacent eastwards; this is the famous Gila Bend formed by the Gila River as it changes direction to south, then west entering the reservoir. Other small mountains and hills border the southwest, namely Oatman Mountain, at 1,732 ft and the Face Mountain group with Montezuma Head, (peak) to the west.</p><br>
<p>The easiest access route to the Dendora Valley is from Hyder in the Hyder Valley about 15 mi west-southwest.</p><br>
<p>The coordinates for Oatman Mountain, on the southwest border of Dendora Valley are 33&deg;3&prime;6.1&Prime;N latitude, 113&deg;8&prime;5.6&Prime;W longitude.</p><br>
<p>Monte Kali and Kalimanjaro are local colloquial names for the spoil heap or spoil tip that towers over the town of Heringen, Hesse, Germany. It is one of a number of sites where the K+S chemical company dumps sodium chloride , a byproduct of potash mining and processing, a major industry in the area.</p><br>
<p>The names are puns of Kali (shorthand for Kalisalz, German for "potash") on "Monte Carlo" and "Kilimanjaro." The heap lies directly next to the border with the state of Thuringia, and hence next to the former inner German border with what was once East Germany.</p><br>
<p>The heap rises over 250 m above the surrounding land, its summit reaching 530 m above sea level.</p><br>
<h2>Ecological impact</h2><br>
<p>The amount of salt that goes to the region&#39;s soil and rivers is enormous. The Werra river has become so salty (up to 2.5 g/L chloride ions, which is saltier than parts of the Baltic Sea) that few freshwater organisms can survive in it. The groundwater has become salty as well. K+S are licensed to keep dumping salt at the facility until 2030.</p><br>
<p>The Schläferskopf is a hill in Hesse, Germany, which is 454 metres high.</p><br>
<h2>Kaiser Wilhelm Tower</h2><br>
<p>In 1883, a 10-metre-high, wooden viewing tower was built on the summit of the Schläferskopf; it fell into disrepair and was demolished in 1900. In 1905, on the initiative of the Wiesbaden Conservation Society, work on a 31-metre-high tower was begun and, in July 1906, the new Kaiser Wilhelm Turm (formerly also the Kaiser Wilhelm II.-Turm) was opened. It was made from local rubble stone and basalt lava with a room for "refuge and refreshing". Typical of the period it was designed to resemble a medieval fighting tower or bergfried. The watchtower turret on the polygonal platform reinforces the impression. One unusual feature is the double spiral staircase which enables a separation between "up" and "down" stairs.</p><br>
<p>In the restaurant building added in 1907/08 is a room with a notable jugendstil window. It comes from Wiesbaden glassworker, Albert Zentner, who also made the windows in the churches of Medenbach and Otzberg. The Kaiser Wilhelm Room is graced by an oil painting, which shows the Kaiser in a hunting scene.</p><br>
<p>On 16 September 2014 the municipal authorities of Wiesbaden decided to carry out a comprehensive refurbishment of the Kaiser Wilhelm Tower in 2015 at a cost of 700,000 euros. 52,000 euros of the cost was met by the two mobile phone operators that have transmission equipment on the tower. This refurbishment was completed in May 2016. Since September 2016 the tower has been open at weekends and on public holidays and may also be opened by individual appointment.</p><br>
<p>From the viewing platform of the tower there are views over the Taunus and, southwards, towards the Upper Rhine Plain and Wiesbaden.</p><br>
<p>Attached to the tower is a mountain inn formerly called the Waldcafé Schläferskopf and now the Waldrestaurant Schläferskopf Gold. Access to the tower is through the restaurant.</p><br>
<p>The Greens Farms School is a historic school building at Morningside Drive South and Boston Post Road in Westport, Connecticut. It was built in 1925 and received an addition in 1950. It was designed by architect Charles Cutler in a Tudor Revival style, and is a fine example of such style. It is the only Tudor Revival school building in Westport. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Its interior includes a Works Project Administration art project from c. 1935.</p><br>
<p>It is located on the Boston Post Road. Due to declining enrollment the school closed in June 1983, after which it was leased by the Westport Arts Center.</p><br>
<p>In 1996 with increasing enrollment school officials in Westport began looking at options including reopening the Greens Farms School and brought in a consultant in the process. The Westport Arts Center representatives recommended that they stay in the building as the educational needs of Westport’s student could be better realized in a new building. Westport school officials responded that a new building would cost the town $4.5 million more than using the building. In the end the decision was made that reclaiming the building was the "cheaper" course of action. The Westport Arts Center left the building and moved to a location next to the Saugatuck River.</p><br>
<p>In 1997, faced with rising pupil enrollments, the town reclaimed the school for use as an elementary school again. The school had to be renovated and expanded, which cost the town $16 million.</p><br>
<p>The school is now known as Greens Farm Elementary School.</p><br>
<p>Larom-Welles Cottage is a historic cure cottage located at Saranac Lake in the town of North Elba, Essex and Franklin County, New York. It was built about 1905 and is a three story wood frame structure in the Shingle Style on a stone foundation and surmounted by a metal jerkin head gable roof. It has a two story wing with a shed roof dormer. It has a two bay verandah and entrance porch with a second story sleeping porch. Also on the second floor is a cure porch. It was originally built for the priest of St. Lukes Episcopal Church, later the home of Dr. Edward Welles, a pioneer in thoracic surgery, who practiced at the Adirondack Cottage Sanitarium. The house has been converted to six units.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Lenawee County Courthouse is a county courthouse located at 309 North Main Street  in the city of Adrian in central Lenawee County, Michigan. It was designated as a Michigan Historic Site on November 14, 1974 and later added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 28, 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Lenawee County Courthouse is located at the corner of M-52 (known locally at this point as North Main Street) and West Front Street. West Front Street also carries the M-52 signage as it turns to form the northern edge of the USA Route 223 business loop around the Downtown Adrian Commercial Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>When Lenawee County was first organized in 1826, its county seat was the newly established village of Tecumseh. When Tecumseh lost the county seat to Adrian in 1838, a new courthouse was built in Adrian. That courthouse burned down in 1852, and court was held in a series of temporary locations until the funds were raised to build a permanent replacement. However, ballot proposals to raise the funds were several times defeated, until in 1882 the necessary money was finally committed. The new courthouse was designed by Toledo, Ohio native Edward Fallis, who designed many courthouses in several states. In 1884, the county hired Allen & VanTassel of Ionia to construct the building for $47,460. However, costs were overrun, and Allen & VanTassel turned the work over to their bondsmen, Knapp, Avery & Co. Despite some legal wrangling, the courthouse was completed the next year.</p><br>
<p>Since then, it has served as the seat of the county government. Despite its numerous interior alterations, the courthouse remains one of the most impressive of Michigan&#39;s surviving late nineteenth-century courthouses.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Lenawee County Courthouse was built in the style of Romanesque Revival architecture, and one year after its construction, Fallis used it as a model for his design of Ohio&#39;s Paulding County Courthouse. The building measures 134 feet by 108 feet, and has a central tower rising 132 feet above the ground. A main hipped roof is crossed by a secondary hipped roof; the tower rises from the juncture of the gables and is capped with a mansard roof and a domed cupola.</p><br>
<p>The foundation is of rusticated stone, and rises six feet from the ground. Above the foundation is a beltcourse of Stony Point sandstone, and above that is the main brickwork, formed of red brick with white mortar. The building entryways are gabled with large arches below. The arches contain a double window topped by a semicircular fanlight. The entrance is through a set of carved double doors.</p><br>
<p>In the interior, the layout is cruciform in shape. The first floor has a floor made of tiles laid in geometric patterns. Two grand staircases lead to the second floor, located on each side of the center hallway.</p><br>
<p>The Anderson County Courthouse is an historic courthouse located at 1 Public Square in Palestine, Anderson County, Texas. The Beaux-Arts style building was built atop the highest hill in Palestine. Austin architects Charles Henry Page and Louis Charles Page designed the structure. It was built in 1913 and 1914 and dedicated on December 20, 1914 at a cost of approximately $250,000.</p><br>
<p>Anderson County was created by the Texas Legislature on March 24, 1846, and named for former Republic of Texas Vice-President Kenneth L. Anderson. The first Anderson County Courthouse was a one-story wood frame structure built in 1847. It was replaced by a two-story brick courthouse in 1856. The third courthouse, built of brick and completed in 1886, by noted Texas courthouse architect Wesley Clark Dodson (1829-1914) of Waco. It was destroyed by arson in 1913 purportedly to destroy incriminating documents.</p><br>
<p>The current Anderson County Courthouse is the fourth structure to serve as the seat of Anderson County government. The courthouse uses a Beaux-Arts bi-axial arrangement with a rotunda crowned by an inner art glass dome with an outer dome surmounted by Lady Justice. The building is three stories with a raised basement. It is finished in brick, rock and terra cotta. The design includes projecting porticos with pediments on all four elevations each with six ionic columns.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse underwent major restoration in 1986 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 28, 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Weaver Mountains are a smaller mountain range to the southwest of the Bradshaw Mountains in central-west Yavapai County, Arizona. Yarnell at the summit of the Yarnell Hill, Arizona State Route 89, is at the center of the range.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The range is northwest-southeast trending, but more due east on the east end. The northeast, east, and southeast is separated from the Bradshaw Mountains by the Hassayampa River. A list of peaks in the range, from the northwest are: Ritter Peak, Weaver Peak, Rocky Boy Peak, Antelope Peak, Rich Hill, Weaver Mountain, and Wades Butte. Sam Powell Peak and Seal Mountain border the Hassayampa River. Weaver Peak is about 7 mi west of Yarnell. At the west and southwest, Cottonwood Creek and a valley separates the Weaver Mountains from a smaller mountain range to the southwest, the Date Creek Mountains.</p><br>
<h2>History and attractions</h2><br>
<p>The Weaver Mountains are noted for their mines; also placer gold.</p><br>
<p>Buckhorn Lake is a lake in the townships of Trent Lakes and Selwyn in Peterborough County, Ontario, Canada, and is one of the Kawartha lakes.</p><br>
<p>The primary inflow is from Pigeon Lake through the Gannon Narrows at the west. Secondary inflows are from Chemong Lake through the Harrington Narrows to Harrington Bay at the south, and from Sandy Lake via Sandy Creek to Sandy Creek Bay at the south. A dam and lock 31 of the Trent–Severn Waterway at the community of Buckhorn control the outflow of the lake to Lower Buckhorn Lake at the northeast.</p><br>
<p>It appears that the lake acquired its name as a consequence of its shape, appearing similar in shape to a buck&#39;s head with antlers or horns projecting either side, being Pigeon and Chemong Lakes.</p><br>
<p>Buckhorn is also a small town surrounded by the lake. There are a few restaurants in the Buckhorn region and many summer cottages.</p><br>
<p>Settlements on the lake include Buckhorn, the Curve Lake First Nation, Gannon Village, Gannon Beach, Kawartha Hideaway, Kimberley Park, Oak Orchard and Young&#39;s Cove.</p><br>
<p>The Black Hills of Yavapai County are a large mountain range of central Arizona in southeast Yavapai County. It is bordered by the Verde Valley to the east. The northwest section of the range is bisected from the southeast section by Interstate 17, which is the main route connecting Phoenix to Sedona, Oak Creek Canyon, and Flagstaff. This bisection point is the approximate center of the mostly northwest by southeast trending range. The northwest section contains a steep escarpment on the northeast with the Verde Valley, the escarpment being the location of the fault-block that created the historic mining district at Jerome.</p><br>
<p>The range is also the first major fault-blocked range west of the Mogollon Rim on the southwest margin of the Colorado Plateau in Arizona. The range is at the northwest-center of the Arizona transition zone which extends diagonally across central Arizona.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The highest point of the Black Hills (Arizona) is Woodchute Mountain at 7,840 ft. Mingus Mountain lies 4.0 mi south of Woodchute Mountain with historic Cherry 8.7 mi further to the southeast.</p><br>
<p>Three wilderness areas are located in the range, the Woodchute Wilderness in the northwest, and the Cedar Bench and Pine Mountain Wildernesses in the southeast.</p><br>
<p>Alanngorsuaq is a 411 m mountain in the Qeqqata municipality in western Greenland. It is located on the mainland of Greenland in Sisimiut valley, approximately 3 km east of the town.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Alanngorsuaq is a standalone mountain, separated from the Nasaasaaq massif in the south by a shallow saddle. The mountain massif is spread out over 6 km in the west-east direction, constituting the terminal point of a long mountain range extending from the Pingu mountain group halfway between Davis Strait and the Greenland ice sheet (Sermersuaq). The range flattens considerably towards the east in the area of Kangaamiut dike swarm north of Kangerlussuaq, due to pressure exerted by the icesheet for long periods in the past. The Nasaasaaq ridge connects to the other latitudinal ridges approximately 15 km east of Sisimiut.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>The 2.5 km summit ridge of Alanngorsuaq is of roughly east–west direction, with the summit in the center. The southern slope falls mildly towards the saddle, while the northeastern wall falls with a steep cliff in its western part, gradually easing towards the east. It is the only part of the massif of interest to mountaineers.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<h3>Recreation</h3><br>
<p>Alanngorsuaq is surrounded by several lakes to the west and northwest, one of which serves Sisimiut town as a water reservoir. Two reservoirs in the valley provide the town waterworks with 882,000 m&sup3; of water, while another two can supply a minimum of 7,200,000 m&sup3; annually. Sisimiut valley is the primary recreation areas for the townspeople, with easy access to the reservoirs by a gravel road in the middle part of the valley. The summit itself is very frequently visited from the southern side for its wide view over the valley and the mountain ranges encircling it from three sides.</p><br>
<h3>Skiing</h3><br>
<p>Cross-country skiing around the mountain is popular in winter, while a small lift for downhill skiing is installed on the southern slope, due south of the summit.</p><br>
<h3>Polar Route</h3><br>
<p>The tough, 160 km Arctic Circle Race takes place each winter, with the trail partially overlapping with the Polar Route from Sisimiut to Kangerlussuaq. The race was inaugurated in 1998, since then becoming an international competition. The Polar Route passes through the saddle between Nasaasaaq and Alanngorsuaq, and the summit is sometimes visited by way of a variant.</p><br>
<p>The Jefferson Avenue–Huron River and Harbin Drive–Silver Creek Canal Bridges are two separate bridges, sharing a continuous railing, that were jointly listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 10, 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Jefferson Avenue Bridge carries West Jefferson Avenue (known south of the river as the USA Turnpike) across the Huron River, which connects Brownstown Charter Township in Wayne County to Berlin Charter Township in Monroe County. Along with the Clinton–Kalamazoo Canal, it is one of two properties listed on the National Register in Michigan to span two counties. The Harbin Drive Bridge is located entirely within Wayne County. Both bridges are located about one mile (0.6 km) inland from Lake Erie on a historically important route between Detroit and Toledo. The Jefferson Avenue Bridge is also designated as a Michigan Historic Site.</p><br>
<h2>Jefferson Avenue Bridge</h2><br>
<p>The larger of the two bridges is the three-span Jefferson Avenue Bridge. It is 165 ft long and 36 ft wide. It carries a two-lane road, known as West Jefferson Avenue north of the river and as the USA Turnpike south of the river. It was built in 1930 by the Michigan Department of Transportation and replaced an earlier hand drawn swing bridge. The new beam bridge was built high enough to where it could remain stationary and still allow small vessels to pass beneath it. Because of the amount of traffic that travels across it, the bridge has deteriorated in recent years.</p><br>
<h2>Harbin Drive Bridge</h2><br>
<p>The Harbin Drive Bridge is a much smaller bridge at only 45 ft long and 27 ft wide. It carries the sparsely traveled Harbin Drive over the Silver Creek Canal, which drains into the Huron River. It is located just north of the Jefferson Avenue Bridge, and the two are connected by a continuous railing. The Harbin Drive Bridge was actually constructed a few years earlier than the Jefferson Avenue Bridge, although this exact construction date is unknown. Harbin Drive is a gravel road that connects a few residential dwellings on a narrow island in the river.</p><br>
<p>Leis Block is a historic commercial building located at Saranac Lake in the town of Harrietstown, Franklin County, New York. It was built in 1902 and is a three story wood frame structure. Renovations between 1910 and 1914 that added the current brick front, resulted in four full apartments, each containing a central inset sleeping porch. The storefronts once were occupied by Henry Leiss piano and music store and Earl Finegans pharmacy. Henry Leis, who owned the block until his death in 1940, also built the Leis Cottage. The current structure has ten apartments and two storefronts. The pharmacy at one time was named Terminal Pharmacy because it was the bus stop. Later it was renamed Hoffman Pharmacy.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The James Cant Ranch is a pioneer ranch complex in Grant County in eastern Oregon, United States. The ranch is located on both sides of the John Day River in the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument. The ranch was originally homesteaded by Floyd Officer in 1890. Officer sold the property to James Cant in 1910. Cant increased the size of the property and built a modern ranch complex on the west bank of the river. The National Park Service bought the ranch from the Cant family in 1975, and incorporated the property into the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument. The National Park Service used the main house as a visitor center until 2003. Today, the Cant Ranch complex is preserved as an interpretive site showing visitors an early 20th-century livestock ranch. The James Cant Ranch is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>Native Americans used the area around the John Day River for thousands of years before the arrival of European settlers. While boundaries were never clearly defined, the site that is now the Cant Ranch was used for seasonal hunting and fishing camps by Warm Springs and Umatilla bands, both Sahaptin speaking Columbia Plateau peoples. By the nineteenth century, Northern Paiutes had migrated north from the Great Basin and were also using portions of the upper John Day watershed.</p><br>
<p>As a result of the arid climate, only a few trappers and prospectors traveled through the area before 1862 when gold was discovered in Canyon Creek, tributary of the John Day River. The discovery of gold drew a large number of miners to the area. This led to the founding of a number of mining towns in northeastern Oregon. The largest of these towns was Canyon City. A wagon road, formalized in 1869 as The Dalles Military Road between Fort Dalles on the Columbia River and Canyon City, encouraged additional growth.</p><br>
<p>Permanent homesteaders began arriving in the John Day Valley shortly after the miners. The Homestead Act of 1862 encouraged settlement by offering grants of 160 acre to American pioneers. Livestock operations in the John Day area supplied isolated mining towns with fresh meat. Initially, most ranches produced beef cattle. However, sheep were the primary ranch stock by the 1890s. This coincided with a wave of Scottish, Irish, and Basque immigrants who were experienced sheep herders.</p><br>
<p>In 1890, Floyd Officer homesteaded land in the Butler Basin along the John Day River. He worked the property for seven years before securing a 160 acre land patent in 1898. That same year, he married Sylvia Fitzgerald and together they began a hard pioneer life on their remote homestead. Because of his knowledge of the Butler Basin and Sheep Rock areas, Officer served as a guide for pioneer paleontologist Thomas Condon during several of his fossil hunting expeditions. The Officers sold the ranch in 1910, moving to Dayville where their children could attend school. The property was purchased by James Cant and his partner John Mason for $4,000. It included 357 acre in Grant County and 320 acre in Wheeler County. Cant bought out Mason’s share in the property in 1915.</p><br>
<h2>James Cant</h2><br>
<p>James Cant was born in Scotland in 1879. He left Scotland at the age of 20 for South America, where he spent five years raising horses and mules. He immigrated to the United States in 1905. After arriving in New York City, Cant traveled overland to the John Day country of Oregon, an area that already had many Scottish immigrants. Alexander Murray, who owned a large ranch west of Dayville, hired Cant as a sheep herder. By 1908, Cant had saved enough money to send for his childhood sweetheart, Elizabeth Grant, who was still in Scotland. They were married in Canyon City on October 10, 1908. Cant continued to work on the Murray ranch for two more years, until he had saved enough to join with Mason in purchasing the Officer ranch.</p><br>
<p>After Cant and his wife moved to the ranch, it became a popular overnight stop for people traveling between Dayville and the Columbia River. Their hospitality was well known, and it was not uncommon for the Cants to serve dinner to twenty or more people including family, ranch hands, and traveling guest. To accommodate their growing family, an expanding livestock business and their many guests, the Cants undertook a major expansion of the ranch between 1915 and 1918, replacing most of the original building constructed by the Officer family. As part of this expansion, Cant built a large main house that became the centerpiece of the ranch complex.</p><br>
<p>In the 1920s, Cant acquired more land to expand his successful sheep business. He also improved the landscape around the main house, adding a large lawn, fencing the yard, and planting numerous shrubs and trees. The most important change was made by the State of Oregon, when it began construction of Highway 19 from Arlington on the Columbia River to Dayville. The highway follows the John Day River, passing just west of the Cant Ranch complex. It was completed in the mid-1920s, effectively ending the Cants isolation. However, the highway was not paved until the mid-1930s.</p><br>
<p>The Cant family kept their sheep operation going through the Great Depression. It recovered some during World War II; however, the shortage of labor made raising sheep increasingly difficult. As a result, Cant transitioned from sheep to cattle production in 1946. Over the next three decades the Cant’s cattle operation grew and prospered. By 1965, the Cant ranch covered 6,500 acre plus an additional 4,500 acre leased from the Bureau of Land Management. At that time the ranch was sending 500 to 600 cattle to market each year. James Cant died in 1972, and his wife died in 1973. The Cant family sold the ranch to the National Park Service in 1975 to be incorporated into the new John Day Fossil Beds National Monument.</p><br>
<h2>National Park Service</h2><br>
<p>When the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument was established in 1975, the initial development plan recommended purchasing the Cant Ranch complex for use as the monument’s headquarters and visitor center. The National Park Service purchased 878 acre from the Cant family in 1975. This included the main ranch complex and adjacent ranch property along the John Day River. The National Park Service used the main house as a visitor center, museum, and office until the Thomas Condon Paleontology Center was built in 2003. The ranch complex is now used as an interpretive site, giving visitors the experience of an early 20th-century livestock operation. The main house and several of the other buildings are open to the public.</p><br>
<p>Today, the Cant Ranch offers visitors the opportunity to experience eastern Oregon’s ranching heritage. Because the ranch played an important role in the commercial and social development of the John Day River Valley, the Cant Ranch was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. This historic district covers approximately 200 acre along both sides of the John Day River. There are eleven historic buildings on the property.</p><br>
<h2>Structures</h2><br>
<p>During the 1930s, there were at least seventeen buildings in the Cant Ranch complex. Today, there are eleven ranch buildings in the Cant Ranch Historic District. They are the main ranch house, a bunkhouse, a watchman’s cabin, the barn and adjoining sheep pens, a workshop, general purpose shed, chicken coop, feed storage shed, privy, and an Officer era log cabin. There is also a small cabin on the east bank of the river known as Christina’s Cabin; however, it is in very poor condition and is not open to the public. The Cant family built two hand-operated cable cars for cross the river, but only one is still operational. The ranch property displays original irrigation ditches, fences, gates, and feed racks plus vintage equipment purchased from the Cant family in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The main house is the most prominent building at the ranch. It was built sometime between 1915 and 1918. It is based on architectural designs from The Radford American Homes catalog, published 1903 by the Radford Architectural Company of Chicago. Cant hired two carpenters, Andrew Cress and Clarence Bisbee, to oversee construction of the house. The builders combined design features from several Radford plans to create the Cant’s ranch house.</p><br>
<p>The front of the main house faces Highway 19 with the back porch overlooking the river. The house is a two and one-half-story, wood-frame structure with a hip roof. It has wide porches that run the full length of the east and west sides of the structure. The eastern, river-view porch extends around the house, continuing about half the building’s length along the north and south sides. The first floor is built around a central hallway that runs from front to back (east to west). Located off the main hall are a living room, dining room, kitchen, parlor, bedroom, bathroom, and a storage room. An open stairway in the central hall leads to the second floor. There are six bedrooms and a bathroom on the second floor. The third floor is a single open room that the Cant family used as a school room and as a gathering place for large social event.</p><br>
<p>The other ranch buildings are all simple wood-frame structures. The barn was built about 1920. It is a -story timber-frame structure. Its footprint is approximately 60 ft by 120 ft. The barn has vertical board siding and a gable roof with wood-shingles. Inside there are twelve bays divided into a number of stalls, holding pens, and storage areas. Attached to the north end of the barn is a single-story structure with stalls for sheep shearing. This structure is approximately 20 ft by 60 ft. There is a workshop and a small shed west of the barn. The National Perk Service uses these building for their original purposes. The larger building is a maintenance shop and the small structure is used for general-purpose storage. East of the barn is a one-room wood-frame watchman’s cabin, used by shepherds during the lambing season.</p><br>
<p>Closer to the main house is a bunkhouse, chicken-coop, feed storage shed, and a privy. All are wood-frame structures with wood-shingle roofs. After the National Park Service purchased the Cant property, the bunkhouse was renovated and used to house exhibits. The chick-coop still houses live chickens and the shed is used to store feed and ranch equipment. The National Park Service also replaced the original roofs on all these building in the 1980s to help preserve the structures. There is also small log cabin behind the main house. It is the only remaining structure that dates back to the Officer homestead period. The Officer family used the log cabin for storage, as did the Cant family.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Cant Ranch national historic district is located along the John Day River in northeastern Oregon. The elevation of the ranch is 2,244 ft above sea level. Sheep Rock is a prominent geographic feature located approximately 1 mi southeast of the ranch complex and can easily be seen from the ranch. There is a 0.5 mi hiking trail, known as the Sheep Rock Overlook Trail, that begins at the Cant Ranch and leads to an overlook with a view of the valley.</p><br>
<p>The Cant Ranch is located within the boundaries of the Sheep Rock Unit of the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument. Highway 19 runs through the ranch property on the west side of the John Day River. The ranch complex is located on the east side of the roadway. The Thomas Condon Paleontology Center is located across the highway from the ranch complex.</p><br>
<p>The ranch is 8 mi northeast of Dayville, Oregon. From Dayville, travel west 2 mi on Highway 26 and then turn north on Highway 19. The ranch is 20 mi southeast of Spray, Oregon, on Highway 19. This route passed through the small unincorporated community of Kimberly, Oregon, 14 mi north of the ranch.</p><br>
<p>Garden Creek site is an archaeological site located 24 mi west of Asheville, North Carolina in Haywood County at the confluence of the Pigeon River and Garden Creek near Canton and the Pisgah National Forest. The site features two Pisgah Phase villages  and the three Garden Creek Mounds . The two villages located on the site were occupied from 600 CE to 1200 CE, first by Woodland period Hopewellian peoples and later by Pisgah Phase people of the South Appalachian Mississippian culture .</p><br>
<p>Pisgah phase artefacts "are widely thought to represent a continuum of cultural development through which historic Cherokee culture and communities took shape. The earliest human occupation at the site dates to 8000 BCE.</p><br>
<h2>Site features</h2><br>
<p>The 12 acre site includes two permanent villages with three earthwork mounds. The largest village, designated 31Hw7, was located on a terrace overlooking Garden Creek, a tributary of the Pigeon River. A smaller village with a conical mound is located nearby.</p><br>
<p>Mound No. 1 is designed Hw 8 or 31Hw1, while Mound No. 2, located 1,000 ft to the west of Mound No. 1, is Hw 7 or 31Hw2. The remains of Mound No. 3, Hw 3 or 31Hw3, is located on the site&#39;s south side and was excavated by a team of the Heye Foundation in 1915.</p><br>
<p>A wattle and daub post house was found at Mound 1. Two earth lodges, rare in the Southern Appalachian Summit, were found at the site, forming the basis for one of the mounds.</p><br>
<h2>Artifacts</h2><br>
<p>Ground stone celts, made of peridotite and slate, were found in Garden Creek Mound 1. Stone anvils, hammerstones, manos, mortars were also unearthed, as well as fragments of cut mica and elbow-shared clay smoking pipes. Bone tools, such as awls, punches, and perhaps needles, were fashioned from deer and turkey bone splinters. Turtle shell rattles, from Terrapene carolina shells and small round pebbles, were found in Mound No. 1. Shell artifacts were sculpted from marine mollusk shells: large shell beads shaped into spheres or discs and strung into necklaces and bracelets were made from Busycon (or conch) columella. A single shell pin was found in Mound No. 1, as well as a conch bowl. Mounds No. 1 and 2 held Marginella shells and conch shell gorgets. Several gorgets were incised with coiled rattlesnakes in the Lick Creek style, and one featured a stylized human figure. Woven rivercane mats left impressions in Earth Lodge 2 and some charred remains were found on a house floor. Although organic materials decompose rapidly in the Southern Appalachian climate, fragile textiles, such as cloth, netting, and cordage, could be detected by the impressions the textiles left on clay. Two pieces of copper were found at the site.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological surveys</h2><br>
<p>In 1800 the Valentine Museum of Richmond, Virginia first excavated Garden Creek. George Gustav Heye also excavated the site from 1915 to 1919. Heye did not take field notes or record provenance of artifacts taken from the site. The Research Laboratories of Anthropology at the University of North Carolina excavated Garden Creek from 1965 to 1967.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>The site and history of Garden Creek is indicated by North Carolina Highway Historical Marker P-83. After being surveyed in the 1960s, the site has since been largely destroyed by a residential development.</p><br>
<p>Cropley Lake is an alpine lake in the City and Borough of Juneau, Alaska, United States. Located on Douglas Island, it is 2 mi southwest of Table Top Mountain, and 5 mi southwest of the city of Juneau. Cropley Lake is the source of Fish Creek.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It is named after Isaac Cropley, a miner who worked in the Juneau area from around 1887 until his death in 1913. The name was collected by the United States Geological Survey between 1976 and 1981, and entered into the Geographic Names Information System on March 31, 1981.</p><br>
<p>In 1975, the Juneau Lions Club built a trail from the Eaglecrest Ski Area to the lake. It was used actively for about ten years, but a lack of maintenance cause the trail to become overgrown. The trail was between 1.5 and long. On June 7, 2010, the Juneau Assembly was to appropriate a $133,180 grant from the Alaska Department of Natural Resources to fund improvements to a nearby trail from the Eaglecrest lodge to a bridge over Fish Creek. Excess funds were to be used to build a new trail to Cropley Lake. Planned improvements to the Eaglecrest Ski Area include a day-use cabin at Cropley Lake. In the 1990s, the ski area used about 218,000 gal of water from the lake every day and a total of about 79,574,000 gal per year. The water is used for hydroelectric power generation.</p><br>
<p>Skiers have had some close run-ins with avalanches near the lake, including in 1987 and on March 1, 2001.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife and climate</h2><br>
<p>Just below the lake there is a barrier to prevent upstream fish movement. Between June 26 and 27, 2010, Juneau-area scientists conducted a two-day wildlife survey of the Cropley Lake/Fish Creek drainage area. Dolly Varden trout has been noted residing in the lake. The fish in the lake are small, ranging from 6 to 10 in. A single Clark&#39;s nutcracker was seen at the lake on July 5, 1975.</p><br>
<p>Cropley Lake is located in a cirque. The soil around the shores of the lake consists mainly of muskeg covering till (glacial sediment) above bedrock. Trees on the shore are up to about 400 years old. The lake is naturally dammed but also has two small man-made dams to raise its level.</p><br>
<p>The Saugatuck River Railroad Bridge, also known as Saugatuck River Bridge, is a railroad bridge carrying trackage of Metro-North railroad&#39;s New Haven Line over the Saugatuck River in Westport, Connecticut. It is one of eight moveable bridges on the Amtrak Northeast Corridor route through Connecticut. It was built in 1905 for the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad.</p><br>
<p>The bridge design is a single leaf Scherzer rolling lift bascule bridge.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was surveyed in a multiple-property historic study in 1986. The eight bridges from west to east are: Mianus River Railroad Bridge at Cos Cob, built in 1904; Norwalk River Railroad Bridge at Norwalk, 1896; Saugatuck River Railroad Bridge at Westport, 1905; Pequonnock River Railroad Bridge at Bridgeport, 1902; Housatonic River Railroad Bridge, at Devon, 1905; Connecticut River Railroad Bridge, Old Saybrook-Old Lyme, 1907; Niantic River Bridge, East Lyme-Waterford, 1907; and Thames River Bridge, Groton, built in 1919.</p><br>
<p>Dutch Flat of Arizona is a valley south of the Sacramento Valley and Interstate 40 in southern Mohave County.</p><br>
<p>The region is part of the southeast extension of the Mojave Desert into northwest Arizona. Dutch Flat borders the south of the Sacramento Valley, and Sacramento Wash drains west on the northwest perimeter to meet the Colorado River at Needles.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Dutch Flat is a 25-mile (40 km) long valley, trending slightly northwest at its north. It is surrounded by mountain ranges, and the south borders the Aubrey Peak Wilderness at the northwest end of the Rawhide Mountains. The small McCracken Mountains are on the southeast perimeter, south of the Hualapai Mountains. A geology tour, Hike 30, Hiking Arizonas Geology starts from the east at Wikieup, in the Big Sandy River Valley and crosses over the Hualapais, through Dutch Flat to the Aubrey Peak Wilderness area at Centennial Wash. A separate geology hike is on the same route in the very south of the Hualapai&#39;s at the beginning of the route, at Aubrey Peak (Hualapai Mountains).</p><br>
<p>Dutch Flat can be accessed from the north at Interstate 40, from the east at Wikieup, and from the southwest by way of Lake Havasu City.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Yucca is located at 34&deg;52&prime;20&Prime;N latitude, 114&deg;08&prime;58&Prime;W longitude, on the northeast perimeter of Dutch Flat. The small range of the McCracken Mountains is located at 34.5027&deg;N latitude, 113.7630&deg;W longitude, on the southeast border. Franconia, Arizona is southwest of Yucca on Interstate 40 in Arizona.</p><br>
<p>The Oak Circle Historic District is a historic district in Wilmette, Illinois, United States. The district covers 2.6 acre and includes twenty-two contributing properties and four non-contributing properties, all located along Oak Circle. It primarily consists of fifteen single-family homes representative of the Prairie School and Craftsman styles of architecture. The Oak Circle Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 21, 2001; it was the first historic district to be designated in Wilmette.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Oak Circle Historic District is centered on Oak Circle, a curved brick street in southern Wilmette; Oak Circle is one of three curved Wilmette streets paved prior to World War I. Oak Circle is approximately 400 ft long and is bordered by Wilmette Avenue to the north and an alley to the south. Twenty-six properties are located along Oak Circle; fifteen of these are homes, and the other eleven are detached garages alongside the homes. The homes along Oak Circle are set back about 35 ft on the west side of the street and 25 ft on the east side. Lot sizes of the properties in the district are around 5000 to 6,000 ft&sup2 many of the lots are irregular due to the curvature of Oak Circle. Many of the lots include trees, which are considered to contribute to the character of the district.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first fourteen homes on Oak Circle were platted in 1907 as part of Joseph Woodruff&#39;s Addition to Wilmette. Oak Circle was paved in 1911, and homes on the west side of the street were likely built between 1917 and 1920; however, the permits indicating the precise dates of their construction were lost in the 1920 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak. The homes on the east side of Oak Circle were constructed after 1920. A. W. Dickinson added a lot to Oak Circle in 1920 and constructed the houses on the east side; their similarity to the western houses suggests Dickinson built those houses as well.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Twelve of the fifteen homes in the Oak Circle Historic District are bungalows, and they exhibit various elements of the Craftsman and Prairie School movements. Craftsman elements in the houses generally included low, gabled roofs, overhanging eaves, decorative beams, and materials such as wood, stone and brick. The Prairie School was reflected in the homes&#39; bands of windows with geometric glazed patterns; the houses originally included an average of 40 of these windows, many of which had colored glass. Colonial Revival and Italian Renaissance influences can also be seen in the bungalow at 340 Oak Circle, the last of the bungalows to be built. Three of the bungalows are Airplane Bungalows, a style in which the upper story of the home sits above the lower story like a cockpit above the wings of an airplane. The twelve bungalows are a mix of one-story and one-and-a-half-story homes; no two homes on Oak Circle are exactly alike. The remaining three homes are two-story homes which also demonstrate the Craftsman and Prairie School influences seen in the other homes. Several of the eleven garages in the district are also contributing properties; the garages at 328, 332, and 344 Oak Circle have architectural details similar to their respective houses.</p><br>
<p>The Butler County Courthouse is a public courthouse constructed in 1909, in El Dorado, Kansas. It was designed by George P. Washburn & Sons to serve as the main county courthouse for Butler County. The Romanesque Revival courthouse was typical of Washburns courthouse designs; of the eleven surviving courthouses designed by the architect, nine are Romanesque. The red brick courthouse features a central clock tower and four octagonal corner towers, a statue of the Goddess of Justice, and a hipped roof with cross gables, all common features of Washburns work. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Butler County was organized on February 11, 1859. The County Clerk has land records from 1887 and birth and death records from 1887 to 1911.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse is still in operation as such. Self-guided tours are also available during normal working hours.</p><br>
<p>The Waltz Road–Huron River Bridge is an automobile bridge located on Waltz Road spanning the Huron River in Huron Township, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Waltz Road–Huron River Bridge was constructed in 1924 by the Wayne County Road Commission at a cost of $65,000. The bridge replaced a previous footbridge that had been erected over the Huron River to allow local children to attend school. The substructure was built by Swingle & Robinson, contractors from Wyandotte, Michigan, and the superstructure by the Mt. Vernon Bridge Company from Mt. Vernon, Ohio.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The entire bridge is 207 ft long, with a span length of 100 ft and a width of 27 ft. The span consists of two identical seven-panel, camelback Pratt pony trusses. Sidewalks are attached to the outside of each truss; the railings were originally concrete balustrades with urn-shaped spindles, but these have been replaced with angles with bar spindles. Solid concrete parapets line the approaces at each end of the bridge.</p><br>
<p>The James A. Redden Federal Courthouse, formerly the United States Post Office and Courthouse, is federal courthouse located in Medford, Oregon, United States. Completed in 1916 under the supervision of architect Oscar Wenderoth, it houses the United States District Court for the District of Oregon. A substantial extension was completed in 1940, under the supervision of architect, Louis A. Simon. In September 1996, the United States Senate enacted a bill introduced by Oregon Senator Mark Hatfield to rename the building for long-serving District Court judge James A. Redden.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The building is the earliest remaining federal courthouse in southern Oregon, and an early embodiment of the federal government in that region. The building, which was designed in the office of Oscar Wenderoth - Supervising Architect, USA Treasury, was constructed from 1915 to 1916. An identical building was constructed in Pendleton, Oregon, at the same time. Mr. Wenderoth was appointed to his position in 1912 and was responsible for planning many government buildings, especially post offices, before his retirement in 1929. The Medford Federal Building - USA Courthouse was designed with many elements of the Georgian Revival style including symmetry, rectangular plan with only minor protrusions, small window panes, arched topped windows (divided as a fan light), classically detailed cornice and balustrade, and red brick exterior. There are also elements of the Second Renaissance Revival style, such as the rusticated first story (performed in brick), a raised first floor with stone base, the lack of front door ornamentation, second level door height casement windows, and wrought iron window ornamentation. These elements give the overall composition a sense of larger scale that is more befitting a federal building. The Oregon State Historic Preservation Office classifies the building as American Renaissance Revival.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse played an important role in the development and growth of Medford. In the early 1880s the Oregon and California Railroad, which was setting tracks south from Portland, began making surveys in southern Oregon. By the fall of 1883 trains were running into Grants Pass. Jacksonville, the county seat and the most important town in this portion of the state, was naturally supposed to be the next station on the railroad. The railroad asked Jacksonville for a $25,000 bonus (reportedly to compensate for the difficulties in passing over the Applegate Ridge of mountains), but the city refused. The Oregon and California railroad subsequently rerouted the railroad through the center of the Rogue River Valley where it proceeded to start a new town. Medford was named after the hometown of the railroad engineer, David Loring of Medford, Massachusetts. Land for the town site and railroad purposes was donated to the Railroad by local landowners, C.C. Beekman, C. Mingus, C.W. Brobeck and Ira J. Phipps, and on December 20, 1883, the town was founded. Due to the rail stop in the center of the rich agricultural/orchard producing Rogue River Valley, the town grew rapidly and by 1890 Medford housed 1,791 residents. (The 1990 population of Medford was 49,900, while Jacksonville was 2,005). By 1910, the monthly postal receipts had increased from the initial $2–$3 to over $2,000. On October 2, 1910, the Medford Daily Tribune reported that "No better criterion of city&#39;s growth can be named than its postal receipts." That same year congress had appropriated $110,000 for a new USA Post Office and Courthouse. The building was to replace the previous temporary postal facilities (three prior locations) and to provide a USA District Court presence in a high-quality, non-combustible structure. City residents were so enthused by the prospect of the new structure that many offered potential sites. The chosen lot at the corner of Sixth and Holly, only three blocks from the railroad depot, was chosen. The land, which was donated by Bert and May Anderson and W.C. and Flossie Green, was formally dedicated on March 13, 1911 with a payment of $1.</p><br>
<p>In 1939, the Federal Works Agency, with Louis A. Simon as Supervising Architect and W.G. Noll as Chief Architect, designed a major addition on the north side of the building, and significant interior remodelling for a cost of $230,000. The project provided additional public and workroom facilities for the Post Office at the first floor, consolidated court operations on the second floor, and provided general office space at the third floor. The design included a two-story light-well which retained natural light for the courtroom and (by skylight) the interior of the postal workroom.</p><br>
<p>In 1966, the post office moved to new facilities two blocks south. Since that time, the building has been utilized for court operations and general office space. Medford has recently adopted a comprehensive plan that encourages downtown development. There has been substantial effort to enhance existing buildings and locate new city, county and federal facilities in the core area, which is bordered at the north by the Medford Federal Building - USA Courthouse. In addition to being a governmental center for southern Oregon, Medford is also a center for commerce. The population and tourism of the Rogue River Valley, including historic towns of Jacksonville and Ashland, are growing rapidly. The Medford Federal Building - USA Courthouse stands as a functioning symbol of prewar pride and optimism.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse is an example of Renaissance Revival architecture. Its exterior is primarily brick and granite.</p><br>
<h3>Site</h3><br>
<p>The nearly level, undeveloped site was selected from among several offered as donations from the local citizens, in part due to its location a short distance from the railroad station to the east. The site is now located at the north end of Medford&#39;s government and business district. The Medford Federal Building - USA Courthouse is located on a lot measuring 140.2 feet by 125.25 feet at the northwest corner of West Sixth Street and North Holly Street. A setback of approximately twenty feet from the two streets (south and east sides) allowed for wide sidewalks with maple street trees, and grass next to the building. The north portion of the site was originally used for mail loading and had a hitching rail for the general public, while the west portion had an access drive. Both were constructed with macadam paving and had concrete curbs. The remaining portions of the site were landscaped with planting beds and seeded grass areas separated by concrete curbing. From the surrounding concrete sidewalks the building was elevated four to five feet to the first floor level. The primary entrance on the center of the south facade was approached via a light-colored raised granite platform which led to the ceremonial granite entry steps, all designed in the classical manner.</p><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The facades of the building were designed with elements of both the Georgian Revival, and Second Renaissance Revival styles which were popular at the beginning of the twentieth century. The front (south side) has the most interesting mix of elements. The symmetrical elevation is organized around five central bays which are defined by single Doric style pilasters at the interior bays and paired pilasters at the ends. The central portion is then flanked on each end by narrow bays that are only slightly recessed. The two-story pilasters rise from a buff-colored sandstone belt course at the second floor line. The pilasters support a sandstone string course, cornice, and parapet. Originally the parapet had a balustrade in portions aligning with the five bays. The first story, which is detailed in red brick and follows the organization above, is elevated and defined by a sandstone water table course. (Note: This is an interesting design that combines a Renaissance style rustication, which was normally performed in stone, with the red brick of the Georgian Revival style). There are arched openings in the rusticated brick at the five central bays. A voussoir (in the rusticated brick) is detailed at each of these first story openings by individually cut radiating bricks. There originally were paired entry doors with an arched light above at the center three openings. Each of the outer two openings were at one time filled with a three-piece arched top wood casement windows. Each of these were later converted back to doors matching the center pair. At the five central arch openings on the second story, there are Renaissance style wood and glass paired doors with operable transoms. The doors are enclosed with black, wrought iron balcony railings. The arch of the opening is treated as a tympanum and has a bas-relief garlanded sandstone ornament. The third story openings are simplified, rectangular, and have paired casement windows. All of the doors and windows featured multiple light configurations. Four large, ornamental iron, wall mounted fixtures light the entry.</p><br>
<p>Essentially rectangular, the well proportioned original building measured 90.0 feet wide by 57.5 feet deep in plan. The original treatment on the two identical end elevations is restrained compared to the front. The horizontal string courses, brick rustication, cornice and parapet detailing continues, but the pilasters and arched openings are omitted in favor of four evenly spaced rectangular openings in a flat wall, (the end walls of the 1939 addition are recessed from the original.) The original rear (now light-well) elevation reflected the organization of the front and also its interior functions. The central portion of the facade was defined by symmetrically flanking narrow bays that were slightly recessed. The first story had five large glazed rectangular openings in the rusticated brick which provided north light to the postal workroom. A protruding mail vestibule/loading dock occupied the center bay. At the second story, there were three large arched glazed openings with fan lights providing light to the courtroom. These were flanked by tall rectangular openings with circular attic windows directly above. Due to the courtroom height, the third story windows were only located at the flanking bays. Stone, brick, and balcony detailing continued to the rear elevation. Similar to the end elevations, the pilasters were omitted from the north facade.</p><br>
<p>The original construction used common brick exterior walls faced with buff-colored sandstone above, and light-colored granite at and below grade, and red rough faced finish brick. The walls rested on a reinforced concrete foundation. The interior structure was steel frame that was fire-proofed with concrete. Floors were reinforced concrete slabs. Hollow clay tile was used for furring and interior partitions and was typically plastered.</p><br>
<p>The 1940 addition extended the building 38.0 feet to the north. This required that the parking and loading functions be relocated to the west portion of the site. The design duplicated the original materials and most of the detailing. The new side elevations are recessed eighteen inches so that the massing of the original building is distinct. The window openings are dimensioned similar to the originals and are likewise equally spaced. The sash, however, are double hung types at all three levels. Transoms were retained at the first and second levels. The new parapet was designed to be solid stone, unlike the original which had balustraded portions. A new loading platform was constructed on the north end of the west elevation. The two pairs of loading doors were recessed and were protected from rain by a marquee. The dock also had an employee entrance. The north elevation was redesigned along the lines of the side elevations with five equally spaced window openings that utilized metal sash. The use of two outer flanking openings was retained from the original composition. At the center of the first level, three large rectangular windows provided the postal workroom with day lighting. The interior boiler chimney was relocated to the north elevation. A new fire escape, basement stairway, and area-way for the new swing room were also constructed on the north elevation. The original east, west, and south elevations were left intact with exception of the entry approach. The original ceremonial steps were replaced by dual side stairs leading to a common entry landing. The new granite stair was enclosed with wrought iron railings. The roof mounted flagpole was also relocated to the ground at this time. The addition retained much of the original north elevation by creating a new light-well on the center third, and by incorporating the remaining wall within the new construction. (Portions of the original cornice are visible from the attic.) A new concrete block (with cement plaster exterior finish) rooftop penthouse over the main stair replaced the 1916 structure at this time, and the low sloped, built-up roof construction was continued onto the addition.</p><br>
<p>There have not been extensive changes to the exterior of the building since the 1940 addition. Notable alterations include the replacement of the two outer entry doors with double hung windows (and later reversal); revisions to the wall at the loading dock and a new ramp; removal of the fire escape; site paving and planting changes; and the removal of the original parapet balustrade, which was replaced with solid stone panels similar to the 1940 addition. The open stone balustrade was later restored. A west side window of the lobby has been replaced with a fully lited door that is reached by an accessible lift concealed in what was formerly a light-well to a basement window.</p><br>
<p>An essential element to the building&#39;s facade and integrity is its (almost complete) set of original functioning wood windows (which were recently abated). Note that windows on the north side of the building have steel frames for the wood sash units.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>When the USA Post Office and Courthouse first opened, it provided space primarily for just those two operations. The post office occupied the first floor with the public lobby oriented east to west all along the south wall, and with the workroom to the north of the lobby. The money registry was located at the east end of the lobby, the stair wrapping around the elevator cage was at the west end. There was a short lobby extension from the stair northward to provide additional postal windows and give access to the postmasters office at the northwest corner of the floor. A vault was placed at each end of the floor, one for the money registry and one for the postmaster. There was also a single occupancy toilet at each end of the floor. The mailing vestibule occupied the center position of the postal workrooms north wall. Although it was a construction alternate, the lobby was finished with light colored terrazzo with marble divisions and borders at the floor and wall base. The walls had stained wood wainscoting, postal windows, grills, and door casings with painted plaster above. The interior entry vestibule (center door pair only) was constructed of stained wood and glass and had two wood and glass doors. The ceiling of the lobby had ornamental plaster crown mouldings. The main stairway was constructed with grey marble treads and iron railings, stringers and risers. The original traction elevator had a steel grill enclosure and metal hoist way entrance doors with wire glass relights. The postal lobby finishes were duplicated on the second and third floor lobbies (also a construction alternate) except for the ornamental ceiling plaster. Upper lobbies were centered axially on the stair and elevator which allowed a row of offices along the south wall. The courtroom space occupied the north side of the lobby and extended through the third floor. This courtroom was finished modestly with wall coverings, smooth painted plaster, and stained wood mouldings and furnishings. A construction alternate for the courtroom was designed and shown on the bid drawings, but not built. That design was built at the federal courthouse in Pendleton, Oregon, a very similar building that was constructed concurrently. Office areas on the upper two levels typically were finished with wood floors, moulded wood base, chair rail and casings, three panel wood doors, and smooth painted plaster walls and ceilings. The stained wood corridor doors were typically half-light (art glass) over two panels and had transoms.</p><br>
<p>The 1940 extension and remodeling substantially reconfigured the interior, but for the most part used matching details and materials. The axially designed lobbies were changed to a C shape to provide access to the additional area. On the first floor, the larger lobby surrounded the old postal workroom on three sides. A new postal window wall replaced the original window and screen wall. New workroom space filled the addition. On the second and third floors, new corridors extended northward to the new office and judicial areas. The east corridor led to a new fire escape. A small light-well was created at the upper levels to preserve natural lighting for the courtroom through its three large windows and to the postal workroom below was lit through skylights. The smaller windows at the courtroom were converted to passageways for judges and witnesses. The original vaults and toilet rooms were removed and new ones constructed. The stairway was extended to the roof and included a new penthouse. Woodwork, doors, and stone matched the 1916 construction. The new terrazzo, which replaced the original at the lobby and was used for the corridor extensions on the upper floors, was a substantially different mix design. A darker and redder matrix of Tennessee Medium Pink, and Chesapeake Green marble was used. Existing wood floors were covered with linoleum. The new restrooms were finished with ceramic mosaic tile floors, glazed tile wainscot, new plumbing fixtures, and painted metal partitions.</p><br>
<p>Since the 1940 remodel there have been various alterations. An extensive remodeling was in undertaken in 1965 shortly after the post office left the building. At that time the first floor lobby was removed, the stair enclosed, and the postal workroom converted to office space. Upper level offices were also remodeled. Other recent changes include the addition of suspended ceilings, fluorescent lighting, HVAC, an interior exit stair at the northeast corner, elevator modifications. Another significant remodel occurred in 1994 including converting the first floor lobby back to near original location, mechanical and electrical, provision of holding cells and an elevator to the courtroom, and remodeling of judges chambers.</p><br>
<p>Rosemary Hall was an independent girls school in Greenwich, Connecticut, in Fairfield County, Connecticut. It was later merged into Choate Rosemary Hall and moved to the Choate boys&#39; school campus in Wallingford, Connecticut.</p><br>
<p>The Greenwich campus of Rosemary Hall was opened in 1900. The oldest surviving building was built in 1909. The Greenwich campus was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998 for its architectural significance. The listing includes 16 contributing buildings and one other contributing structure. The historic site&#39;s listing area is 18 acre.</p><br>
<p>The Carmel Academy (formerly the Westchester Fairfield Hebrew Academy) now owns the property, and classes of that school and The Japanese School of New York are held in that campus.</p><br>
<h2>School and Foundation officers</h2><br>
<p>Headmistresses: Caroline Ruutz-Rees 1890–1938; Eugenia Baker Jessup &#39;10, 1938–53, 1957–58; Helen MacKissick Williamson 1953–57; Alice McBee 1958–71; Elizabeth Winslow Loomis 1971–73.</p><br>
<p>Presidents of Rosemary Hall Foundation: Caroline Ruutz-Rees 1890–1938 (headmistress and owner); Catherine B. Blanke 25, 1950–55; Franklin E. Parker, Jr. 1950–54 (chair); Elizabeth B. MacDonald 21, 1956–60; H. Chandler Turner, Jr. 1960–62; Julian M. Avery 1962–65; Gerrish H. Milliken 1965–74.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Early years</h3><br>
<p>Rosemary Hall was founded in 1890 by Mary Atwater Choate at Rosemary Farm in Wallingford, her girlhood home and the summer residence of Mary and her husband, William Gardner Choate. Mary, an alumna of Miss Porter&#39;s School, was the great-granddaughter of Caleb Atwater (1741–1832), a Connecticut merchant magnate who supplied the American forces during the Revolutionary War. In 1775 General George Washington visited the Atwater store in Wallingford en route to assuming command of the Continental Army. On that occasion, Washington took tea with judge Oliver Stanley at the "Red House," now Squire Stanley House on the Choate Rosemary Hall campus.</p><br>
<p>In 1878 Mary Atwater Choate had co-founded a vocational organization for Civil War widows, the New York Exchange for Women&#39;s Work, prototype of many such exchanges across the country (it survived until 2003). In 1889 Mary planned a new institution on the same principle of female self-sufficiency and she advertised in The New York Times for a headmistress to run a school that would train girls in the "domestic arts." The advertisement was answered by Caroline Ruutz-Rees, a 25-year-old Briton teaching in New Jersey.</p><br>
<p>On October 3, 1890, the New Haven Morning News reported: "The opening of Rosemary Hall took place at Wallingford yesterday... at the beautiful Rosemary Farms, which have been the property of Mrs. Choates family for five generations. The school occupied a house belonging to Mrs. Choate, standing near the old Atwater homestead, which the members of the school will have the privilege of visiting as often as they like.... Rev. Edward Everett Hale addressed the school girls in his inimitable way, at once attractive and helpful. Never forget, said he, that it is a great art to do what you do well. If you limp, limp well, and if you dance, dance well&#39;."</p><br>
<p>This original school building, "old" Atwater House (built 1758), was at the northwest corner of Christian and Elm streets, where "new" Atwater House now stands. The eight arriving girls lived on the second floor, the headmistress&#39;s residence and classrooms occupied the ground floor, and the dining room was in the basement. More space was soon required and neighboring houses were rented from the Choates. The "old Atwater homestead" (built 1774, now known as Homestead), stands at the center of the present day Choate Rosemary Hall campus, on the northeast corner of Christian and Elm.</p><br>
<p>Caroline Ruutz-Rees (1865–1954), headmistress until 1938, was a figure of extraordinary personality and influence, a militant feminist and suffragist of national prominence. On the Wallingford golf course she wore bloomers, which shocked the locals, and on buggy rides to Wallingford station she carried a pistol. Her motto was "No rot." She held a Lady Literate in Arts from the University of St Andrews and would eventually earn a doctorate at Columbia. Ruutz-Rees (pronounced "Ar-Treece") quickly changed Rosemary Hall&#39;s mission from "domestic arts" to that of a contemporary boys school. Her personal curriculum for the next four decades had three core components: student self-government, contact sports, and a brutal workload of academics.</p><br>
<p>Ruutz-Rees taught the classical languages, history, and French. In 1897 she was the first headmistress of an American girls&#39; school to prescribe uniform dress, and over time the Rosemarian uniform became increasingly elaborate, with cape, star-shaped berets, and much seasonal and occasional variety. Equally elaborate was Rosemarian ritual and tradition, most of it invented by Ruutz-Rees. Her faculty followed the British practice of wearing academic robes in class and addressing students by their last names. Ruutz-Rees herself always wore azure silk dresses and a necklace of amber beads.</p><br>
<p>In 1896 the Choate School was founded in Wallingford by Mary Choate and her husband William. He was USA District Judge for the Southern Circuit of New York from 1878 to 1881, and afterward a partner of Shipman, Barlow, Laroque, and Choate in New York City. There was no formal relationship between the Choates&#39; new boys school and their other foundation, Rosemary Hall, a hundred yards to the east on Christian Street in Wallingford, but there were coeducational audiences for plays and recitals and Mary Choate hosted dances at the Homestead, an Atwater family residence since 1774.</p><br>
<p>The official history of Choate Rosemary Hall, written by Tom Generous, says that the rift between Caroline Ruutz-Rees and Mary Choate, proponents of two very different sorts of feminism, was public knowledge as early as 1896, in which year headmistress and founder did not share the lectern at Prize Day and local newspapers published "denials" of a rumor that Ruutz-Rees would leave the school. But by 1900 the headmistress and her educational style had acquired influential champions among the students&#39; parents and two of them, residents of Greenwich, Connecticut, a wealthy enclave twenty-five miles from midtown Manhattan, joined forces to effect the removal of the school to their town.</p><br>
<p>Shipping magnate Nathaniel Witherell donated 5 acre of land in the Rock Ridge section of Greenwich. Julian Curtiss gathered a group of investors and established a joint stock corporation funded through the sale of six-percent bonds. Ruutz-Rees was the chief shareholder. The Greenwich residence of Rosemary Hall began in fall term 1900, when 57 girl students moved into the Main Building, known as "The School," a U-shaped shingled house on Zaccheus Mead Lane. Other facilities on the property were a wood-frame building that would be the gym for many years, a tennis court, and a running track. In the next two decades the campus would build or acquire other "cottages" and lay out an Italian garden, the gift in 1912 of Janet Ruutz-Rees, mother of the headmistress.</p><br>
<p>The heart of the campus was St. Bedes Chapel, built with $15,000 collected at bake sales, teas, and benefits, and from every constituency of the school. Construction began in 1906 and consecration was performed October 18, 1909, by the Episcopal bishop of Connecticut, Chauncey Bunce Brewster. St. Bedes was Middle English Gothic, with granite walls, unnailed slate roof, hand-hewn timbers, Welsh red tile floor, and a 16 ft altar window of handmade English glass, designed by Christopher Whall. According to the November 25, 1909 issue of Leslies Weekly," it was "begun three years ago by the girls themselves who collected stones and carried them one by one to the spot which the building was to occupy." From 1915 to 1965 the handwritten name of every graduate was painted in gold on the ceiling. On October 17, 2009, the centennial of St. Bedes was celebrated in Greenwich by Rosemarians past and present, with the Whimawehs singing traditional RH songs.</p><br>
<h3>Timeline</h3><br>
<p>1889: Mary Atwater Choate advertises in New York for a headmistress.</p><br>
<p>1890: Foundation of the school by M.A. Choate; Caroline Ruutz-Rees begins 48 years as headmistress; 8 girls enroll. October 2, opening ceremonies held.</p><br>
<p>1891: First election of Optima, or best girl; the honor was bestowed until 1977.</p><br>
<p>1892: First publication of The Question Mark, a literary magazine, one of the earliest of its type in an American girls school.</p><br>
<p>1893: Spring term, first Shakespeare play performed. Rosemary Hall hosts Mrs. Hazen&#39;s School of Pelham Manor, N.Y., in what is regarded as the first interscholastic sports event between girls schools in American history.</p><br>
<p>1894: First interscholastic basketball game played against New Haven Normal School.</p><br>
<p>1895: In May, first Sixth Form Walk, about 45 mi in three days, the route being Wallingford, Durham, Middletown, Southington, Wallingford.</p><br>
<p>1896: 20 girls. Frederick Hulseberg is hired to coach the cricket team, thereby becoming the first girls cricket coach in America.</p><br>
<p>1897: First election of The Committee, the student self-governance body; it lasted until 1971.</p><br>
<p>1898: Sixth formers required to pass the Bryn Mawr College entrance exam in order to graduate; the requirement lasted 39 years.</p><br>
<p>1900: School relocates to Greenwich. 57 girls.</p><br>
<p>1907: Cambridge-educated Mary Elizabeth Lowndes begins 31 years as teacher and, from 1910, co-headmistress.</p><br>
<p>1908: First publication of The Answer Book, the yearbook; its title was suggested by The Question Mark; it merged with The Brief in 1973.</p><br>
<p>1909: October 18, consecration of St. Bede&#39;s Chapel.</p><br>
<p>1910: Fall term, Lady Baden-Powell, wife of the Boy Scouts founder, awards Caresse Crosby &#39;11 the eagle and the amulet, thereby making her the (unofficial) first American Girl Scout.</p><br>
<p>1911: Caresse Crosby graduates. Kindly Club founded by Janet Ruutz-Rees, mother of the headmistress, "to spread the spirit of kindliness throughout the school," and perform intramural and extramural charity.</p><br>
<p>1918: Spring term, first Garden Party; the event has lasted to the present.</p><br>
<p>1919: Carrington House is bought.</p><br>
<p>1923: November 11, the Main Building burns to the ground and all school records are destroyed.</p><br>
<p>1924: The Main Building is rebuilt. The school sells 30-year, six-percent bonds. 200 girls enroll, including 56 boarders.</p><br>
<p>1927: 208 girls.</p><br>
<p>1928: Nation&#39;s best field hockey varsity begins three-year unbeaten streak.</p><br>
<p>1931: 130 girls.</p><br>
<p>1935: 91 girls.</p><br>
<p>1937: March, Life magazine has four-page photo essay on The Mid, the annual February dance: "fifth and sixth form girls invited 76 boys from such places as Yale, Princeton, Harvard and Exeter."</p><br>
<p>1938: Ruutz-Rees and Lowndes retire as co-headmistresses, but remain active in the school administration. Eugenia Baker Jessup &#39;10, a Bryn Mawr alumna, begins 15 years as headmistress.</p><br>
<p>1947: November, first issue of The Rosemary Alumnae Newsletter is published.</p><br>
<p>1948: Group that includes Board members and the headmistress acquires an option to buy the school.</p><br>
<p>1950: 81 girls. April 18, the school is incorporated as Rosemary Hall Foundation, with Catherine B. Blanke &#39;25 as president and Franklin E. Parker, Jr. as chair. Spring term, the headmistress institutes "Operation X" in which 10 selected sixth formers are exempted from most school rules; the experiment is reported by Newsweek in an article on the school in May.</p><br>
<p>1951: 110 girls.</p><br>
<p>1953: Fall term, Helen MacKissick Williamson begins four years as headmistress.</p><br>
<p>1954: 161 girls. Headmistress emeritus Ruutz-Rees dies.</p><br>
<p>1955: December, headmistress Williamson resigns after pressure from conservative block led by gamesmistress Hester Macquire, but 13 of the 14-member faculty support Williamson and the Board retains her.</p><br>
<p>1957: June, headmistress Williamson dies aged 53. Summer, Alice McBee of Concord Academy is chosen as headmistress, but her arrival is delayed a year until her Concord contract ends. Eugenia Baker Jessup returns as headmistress during the interim year.</p><br>
<p>1958: Alice McBee, a bachelor alumna of both Sweetbriar and Columbia, begins 13 years as headmistress. Whimawehs a cappella group begins.</p><br>
<p>1959: 208 girls.</p><br>
<p>1962: Ruutz-Rees Auditorium opens, with seating for 300.</p><br>
<p>1963: 250 girls. Jessup House dormitory is built.</p><br>
<p>1965: Glenn Close graduates.</p><br>
<p>1966: Spring term, dean of students Elizabeth Loomis and several faculty members resign in protest against headmistress McBee&#39;s longtime refusal to admit African-American students; McBee relents and in fall term the first black student enrolls.</p><br>
<p>1967: Fall term, headmistress McBee urges the trustees to consider "official affiliation" with a boys school, in light of declining enrollment and financial difficulty. Dedication of Arts and Sciences Building.</p><br>
<p>1968: January 8 in Wallingford, Choate School headmaster Seymour St. John hosts a private meeting with Rosemary Hall Board chair Charles Stetson, and the feasibility of relocating RH is discussed. January 26, Choate trustees vote to allow continuing discussions with RH. June, the CS and RH boards make a formal agreement, with the understanding that RH would relocate. September 24, St. John and McBee hold a press conference in St. John Hall and issue a press release dated September 26 which states that "a brand new school would be built for Rosemary Hall on Choate Land, and the combined institutions would provide coordinate secondary education starting in September 1971." Amidst concern that RH would lose its identity, actress Ali MacGraw 56 offers a major gift toward moving St. Bedes Chapel to Wallingford, but there is insufficient response.</p><br>
<p>1969: January, architect James Polshek is selected to design the Wallingford RH campus; his budget will eventually be $6.4 million. On Prize Day, Choate headmaster St. John is the graduation speaker in Greenwich.</p><br>
<p>1970: Spring term, 20 RH sixth formers have an advance guard residence on the CS campus; they live in Nichols House; Meg Colgate &#39;70 is made interim editor of The Choate News.</p><br>
<p>1970: 258 girls.</p><br>
<p>1971: Elizabeth Winslow Loomis begins two years as headmistress; she had been head of upper school at The Lenox School (now Birch Wathen Lenox School) in Manhattan and a former RH teacher and dean. June 3, the last Prize Day in Greenwich, Seymour St. John is the graduation speaker. The Greenwich campus is bought by Daycroft School, which moves from its own Greenwich campus on Rock Ridge Road. August, the last two Wallingford campus buildings, Bronfman Library and Macquire Gymnasium, are completed. In September the school and 223 girls relocate to Wallingford.</p><br>
<h2>Notable alumni</h2><br>
<p>Florieda Batson, hurdler, 1922 Olympian</p><br>
<p>Glenn Close, five-time Oscar-nominated actress</p><br>
<p>Caresse Crosby (Mary Phelps Jacob, Mrs. Harry Crosby), socialite, poet, founder of Black Sun Press</p><br>
<p>Claire Giannini Hoffman, first woman to serve on the boards of Bank of America and Sears, Roebuck & Company</p><br>
<p>Sarah Kernochan, novelist, screenwriter, songwriter, and two-time Oscar-winning director</p><br>
<p>Ali MacGraw, actress and haute couture model</p><br>
<p>Terry O&#39;Neill, feminist, president of the National Organization for Women (NOW)</p><br>
<p>Nuup Kangerlua is a 160 km long fjord in the Sermersooq municipality in southwestern Greenland. It was formerly known by its colonial name as Godthaab Fjord , Gilbert Sound and Baal&#39;s River.</p><br>
<p>Located by the island&#39;s capital, Nuuk, it is the longest fjord on the Labrador Sea coast of Greenland, and one of the longest in the inhabited part of the country.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The fjord head is located deep inland, with the fjord beginning as an icefjord at 64&deg;19&prime;50&Prime;N latitude, 49&deg;36&prime;10&Prime;W longitude, with two glaciers draining the Greenland ice sheet (Sermersuaq) flowing into the fjord.</p><br>
<p>Initially, the fjord flows to the northwest, to then turn southwest at 64&deg;43&prime;N latitude, 50&deg;37&prime;W longitude, splitting into three arms in its lower run, with three large, mountainous islands in between the arms: Sermitsiaq Island with the Sermitsiaq mountain visible from most of Nuuk, Qeqertarsuaq Island, and Qoornuup Qeqertarsua Island.</p><br>
<p>The fjord widens into a bay dotted with skerries near its mouth, opening into Labrador Sea at approximately 64&deg;03&prime;N latitude, 51&deg;58&prime;W longitude, near the former Kangeq settlement.</p><br>
<h3>Settlement</h3><br>
<p>Nuuk, the capital of Greenland, is located near the mouth of the fjord, on a mountainous peninsula bounding the fjord from the southeast. Kapisillit is located 75 km northeast of Nuuk, near the head of Kapisillit Kangerluaq, one of the tributary fjords of Nuup Kangerlua.</p><br>
<p>The Haviland and Elizabeth Streets–Hanford Place Historic District is an irregularly shaped 4.3 acre historic district in Norwalk, Connecticut that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The district is significant as a cohesive grouping of late 19th and early 20th century residential architecture. Eight houses are Queen Anne style, which involves irregular massing and use of turned or sawn woodwork in porches and elsewhere. Others display Colonial Revival elements, including Tuscan columns on some. Some are Italianate or display aspects of that style. Second Empire style is also represented.</p><br>
<p>The district lies within a primarily commercial area of the South Norwalk neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>It includes 36 contributing buildings and 2 non-contributing ones.</p><br>
<p>The buildings included in the district are:</p><br>
<p>3 Elizabeth Street, Colonial Revival vernacular, c. 1900 (see accompanying photo #6)</p><br>
<p>5 Elizabeth Street, Queen Anne, c. 1900 (see accompanying photo #6)</p><br>
<p>7 Elizabeth Street, Queen Anne, c. 1900 (see accompanying photo #6)</p><br>
<p>8 Elizabeth Street, Italianate, c. 1875, with Colonial Revival entrance porch</p><br>
<p>9 Elizabeth Street, c. 1870 (see accompanying photo #6)</p><br>
<p>rear of 9 Elizabeth Street, c. 1920 (see accompanying photo #7)</p><br>
<p>9 Elizabeth Street, 3 bay fieldstone garage (see accompanying photo #15)</p><br>
<p>10 Elizabeth Street, Italianate vernacular, c. 1875 with Queen Anne style porch</p><br>
<p>11 Elizabeth Street, Italianate, c. 1880</p><br>
<p>12 Elizabeth Street</p><br>
<p>13 Elizabeth Street</p><br>
<p>14 Elizabeth Street</p><br>
<p>15 Elizabeth Street</p><br>
<p>17 Elizabeth Street, Italianate, c.1885</p><br>
<p>2 Hanford Place, Queen Anne, c. 1880 (see photos #13 and #19)</p><br>
<p>3 Hanford Place</p><br>
<p>4 Hanford Place</p><br>
<p>5 Hanford Place</p><br>
<p>6 Hanford Place</p><br>
<p>7 Hanford Place</p><br>
<p>8 Hanford Place</p><br>
<p>9 Hanford Place</p><br>
<p>10 Hanford Place, Queen Anne, c.1890</p><br>
<p>11 Hanford Place, Queen Anne, c.1880, includes a barn or carriagehouse (see photo #15)</p><br>
<p>12 Hanford Place</p><br>
<p>8 Haviland Street</p><br>
<p>10 Haviland Street, non-contributing</p><br>
<p>12 Haviland Street</p><br>
<p>16 Haviland Street</p><br>
<p>18 Haviland Street (see photo #4)</p><br>
<p>20 Haviland Street (see photo #4)</p><br>
<p>22 Haviland Street (see photo #5)</p><br>
<p>24 Haviland Street</p><br>
<p>26 Haviland Street</p><br>
<p>72 South Main Street (see accompanying photos #3 and #20)</p><br>
<p>74 South Main Street</p><br>
<p>Stolp Island is a small island in the Fox River in Aurora, Illinois. In 1986 the island and its 41 buildings were added to the National Register of Historic Places as the Stolp Island Historic District. It covers 0.03 square miles of land area.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The island is named after Joseph Stolp who purchased the island for $12.72 in 1848. He constructed a mill on the island with Zaphna Lake and the McCarty brothers. The dam for the mill was completed in 1835. By 1848, the town had grown to over 1,000 people. As Aurora grew, the Fox River caused a separation between the two halves of the city, leading to animosity between them. Stolp Island, then, became an ideal location for Aurora&#39;s government structures, as it was not confined to either side.</p><br>
<p>East Aurora was incorporated as a city in 1845, and West Aurora followed in 1854. The Aurora area received its first major economical boost when the Chicago, Burlington, & Quincy Roundhouse and Locomotive Shop was constructed in 1856. Prior to this point, commercial development was strictly fit to meet local needs, but the new train station and shops provided new customers. In 1857, following efforts by William Parker, the two cities joined as one city. The city charter was approved on the condition that a new city hall would be built on Stolp Island. It was constructed in 1865 and featured a post office on the first floor.</p><br>
<p>Public organizations also saw Stolp as an ideal island to serve both sides of Aurora. The Grand Army of the Republic Hall was opened in 1877 to serve Grand Army of the Republic Post No. 20. The island also housed a Carnegie library and the first YMCA building. In the 1920s, the north end of the island, previously prone to flooding, was expanded and reinforced with landfill. While Aurora became a major steel exporter in the early 20th century, Stolp Island was used exclusively for commercial and public uses.</p><br>
<p>In 1907, the Columbia Conservatory of Music was built as a school for music, art, dancing, and foreign languages. It was presided over by Harry Rutt Detweiler and closed when he decided to retire.</p><br>
<p>Hotel Aurora was constructed in 1917 and surpassed Hotel Arthur as the tallest building in Aurora. The Renaissance Revival structure was built in hopes that the newly expanded north end would help Stolp Island become a major attraction. Two office buildings were designed in the Prairie Style by George Grant Elmslie: the Keystone Building (1923) and the Graham Building (1926). The Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks constructed the Aurora Elks Lodge No. 705 in 1926, in the Mayan Revival architecture style. A third major hotel, Leland Tower, was constructed across the street in 1928 and was operated by the same family as Hotel Arthur. When it opened, Hotel Leland was the tallest building in Illinois outside out Chicago. The Rapp and Rapp Paramount Theatre opened in 1931 and operated continuously until a 1976 restoration.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings on island</h2><br>
<p>Benton St. Bridge (east branch)</p><br>
<p>Aurora Public Library</p><br>
<p>Downtown Auto Service Station</p><br>
<p>USA Post Office</p><br>
<p>Downer Place Bridge (east branch)</p><br>
<p>Linden & Lake Plumbers Building</p><br>
<p>Aurora Herald/Freemasons Building</p><br>
<p>Aurora Coin & Stamp Building</p><br>
<p>G. A. R. Memorial Building</p><br>
<p>Fox Theatre Building & Promenade</p><br>
<p>Aurora Silver Plate Mfg. Building</p><br>
<p>Aurora Greenhouse</p><br>
<p>Stolp Woolen Mill Store, separately listed on the NRHP</p><br>
<p>Stolp Woolen Mill Dye House</p><br>
<p>VIP Realty</p><br>
<p>Metropolitan Business College</p><br>
<p>Sherer Building</p><br>
<p>Galena Blvd Bridge (east channel)</p><br>
<p>Aurora Civic Center Authority Offices</p><br>
<p>Paramount Theatre</p><br>
<p>Block & Kuhl/Carson Pirie Scott Building</p><br>
<p>North Island Center</p><br>
<p>New York Street Memorial Bridge</p><br>
<p>Hotel Aurora</p><br>
<p>Moose Building/Isle Theater</p><br>
<p>Stanley&#39;s Furniture Building</p><br>
<p>Keystone Building (Aurora, Illinois)</p><br>
<p>Graham Building (Aurora, Illinois)</p><br>
<p>37 S. Stolp Ave.</p><br>
<p>Assell&#39;s Photo Shop</p><br>
<p>Barefoot Charley&#39;s Diner</p><br>
<p>Leland Tower</p><br>
<p>Illinois Bell</p><br>
<p>Columbia Conservatory of Music</p><br>
<p>Aurora Elks Lodge No. 705, separately listed on the NRHP</p><br>
<p>Building at northwest corner of Stolp & Galena</p><br>
<p>The Stolp Woolen Mill Store was built in 1860. It is located on Stolp Island in Aurora, Illinois. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It is also a contributing building in the Stolp Island Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Joseph G. Stolp built the Stolp Woolen Mill Store in 1861. Stolp was one of the first settlers of Aurora, Illinois and operated a wool carding business. Stolp had previously worked in wool manufacturing in Marcellus, New York. His first office was built in 1837 in a small frame building on Stolp Island. He bought a brick mill in 1849 and continued to grow the business. By the 1860s, he needed a new place to sell his goods outside of the mill. The growth of the railroad industry dramatically increased competition against Stolp&#39;s business, and he had to shut down the mill in 1887. The mill store was rented to C. C. Hinckley & Co., a local producer of watchmaking tools, and J. D. Rice & Sons, a painting and decoration company. In 1889, Stolp improved the building by rehabilitating the interior and adding an extension on the east. The mill store is the oldest building still standing on Stolp Island today. The building was recognized as a Historic Place by the National Park Service on September 1, 1983 and was listed as part of the Stolp Island Historic District when it was created three years later.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The mill store building is 80 x on the southwest corner of Downer Place and Stolp Avenue. The main entrance on the north was built during Stolp&#39;s 1889 renovation. Since then, the facade has been updated with modern wood and glass, but the design has not changed. An oriel window projects from the second floor with a flat window on either side. The bay window has a shallow cornice above the windows, with an ornamented pediment above the central window. A palmette design adorns the top of the gable at the apex. The first floor on the north side was updated to a modern glass storefront. piers can be found on either side of the facade, detailed at the time with limestone fluting. The only other exposed elevation is the eastern facade. The northernmost window remains from the 1889 addition with a limestone lintel.</p><br>
<p>The Aurora Elks Lodge No. 705 is a Mayan style building on Stolp Island in Aurora, Illinois. It is included in the Stolp Island Historic District. The building was built in 1926 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Aurora, Illinois building for the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks was built in 1926 by Chicago architectural firm Zimmerman, Saxe & Zimmerman. The buildings designs were heavily influenced by the archaeological discoveries being widely reported in the 1920s in Mesoamerica. According to members of the lodge, William Carbys Zimmerman spent some time at some of the Late Classic Mayan sites to gather influence for his designs. Specifically, Carbys designs reflect the Late Classic and early Postclassic Eras. Details include Mayan deities, symbols, and architectural placements. The building is a rare example of a Mayan motif applied to a Prairie School design. It is uncertain why this type of design was chosen, as Mayan symbols do not have any special significance in the Elks community.</p><br>
<p>This property was purchased in January 2015 by Karademas Management, who will be developing it into residential property consisting of 29 upscale units scheduled to open in the summer of 2015. Plans for a first floor restaurant are also in the works.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building consists of two rectangular sections, one that is three stories tall and one that is four stories. The steel-framed, concrete reinforced structure has a flat roof. The main exterior facade, on the south and east, features horizontal bands of twisted red-brown brick and beige terra-cotta with Mayan glyphs. The three-story section was used as the main lobby, dining rooms, meeting rooms, club offices, ballroom, bars, and lounge. The four-story section was the main dining room and also housed the kitchen, a bar, forty-six rooms for traveling members, and a basement bowling alley.</p><br>
<p>Toews Lake is a lake approximately ninety-five kilometers north of Flin Flon, Manitoba. It is located near the provincial border of Manitoba and Saskatchewan.</p><br>
<p>The lake is approximately 2.4 km long and 1.6 km wide. It was named after ice hockey player and Winnipeg native Jonathan Toews in 2010 following his successes in the 2009-10 NHL season and in the 2010 Winter Olympics, where he helped win a gold medal for Canada, the Stanley Cup for the Chicago Blackhawks, and received the Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player in the 2010 Stanley Cup Playoffs.</p><br>
<p>Greg Selinger, Premier of Manitoba, presented Toews with a certificate regarding the newly named lake and the hockey star’s name, with the words, “We thought we’d name a lake after him, ’cause Manitoba has 100,000 lakes”.</p><br>
<p>Lac Grand is a lake in the Outaouais region of Quebec, Canada. It covers an area of about 377 hectares and lies at an elevation of 160 m above sea level. There are no settlements on the lake, although it has many cottages on its shore. Despite having many cottages, some permanent residents live on the lake. Watersports such as waterskiing and sailing are popular among residents of the lake. Other popular recreation includes fishing and swimming.</p><br>
<p>The lake community recently published a book for lake residents entitled "The Grand Experience", covering the history and geography of the lake.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The lake consists of four main bays, two in the south, two in the north. The main section of the lake is where it reaches its deepest depths, going as deep as 40 metres below the surface, which is slightly deeper than significantly larger Lake Winnipeg. There are many islands in Lac Grand, the largest being Ile-Des-Peres in Priest&#39;s Bay.</p><br>
<p>Lac Grand has two inflows, including a stream and waterfall from Lac McArthur and a narrow section of water from Lac Vert. Lac Grand&#39;s only outflow is into Lac Dam (sometimes spelled Lac Dame), which flows into Lac Brassard and finally Lac McGregor.</p><br>
<p>There are several minerals to be found in the area, the most prominent being mica, both blue and black in colour, but green, caramel and black serpentine as well as olivine can be found as well.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The lake used to be the location of a mica mine.</p><br>
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<p>Boundary Cone is a geologic promontory located in the western foothills of the Black Mountains in Mohave County, Arizona. The peak is to the east of the Mohave Valley, northeast of Needles, California, and southeast of Bullhead City. The peak is about 4 mi southwest of the mountain community of Oatman and 12 mi east of the Colorado River.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Several Indian tribes attach religious and cultural significance to Boundary Cone as well as much of the surrounding landscape. In March 2006, the Bureau of Land Management determined and the Arizona State Historic Preservation Office concurred that Boundary Cone is eligible for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places as a property of traditional, religious, and cultural importance to several Indian tribes.</p><br>
<p>Boundary Cone was a prominent landmark for early travelers in this region.</p><br>
<p>The George Brown Mansion is an example of the Queen Anne&#39;s Style of architecture. It was a dominant style during the 1880s and 1890s, the time when Chesterton was a growing city in northern Indiana. George Brown arrived in the United States in 1852. In 1855, he married Charity Carter, daughter of a local family. He became a successful farmer in the township. The farm was located on what is 950 North, west of 400 East. By the year 1882 he was operating a farm of 900 acre. He had expanded into supplying cordwood to the Porter brickyards after 1870. George and Charity had ten children. In 1884 George Brown bought 120 acre in the town of Chesterton from the John Thomas family. His plans called for a retirement home on this site. He engaged Chicago architect Cicero Hine to design the house. In 1891 the family sold all but 10 acre. It was the same year, that he built a brick store downtown at Calumet and Broadway. During the 1902 fire, it was the only store to survive. Charity Brown died in 1895 at 56. George died in 1899 at the age of 71. After a probate fight, his son John Franklin  moved into the house with his family.</p><br>
<p>In 2010, the Westchester Historical Society uses the Brown Mansion as the Westchester Township History Museum and Society offices.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The interior reflects the Queen Anne style with an asymmetrical floor plan. Through the front doors is a large entry hall. The interior includes stained and etched glass windows, plaster corbels and arches. The fireplace is decorated in a flower motif of oak with a faux marble painted soapstone enclosure. Door lights are made of engraved glass. The third floor has a ballroom for formal dances. The third floor balcony is accessible from the dance floor.</p><br>
<p>The house was constructed on local materials, including Porter bricks and Jackson Township lumber. It included hot and cold running water, with a bathroom on the second floor, and a coal fired furnace.</p><br>
<p>GBM P6080017.jpgEast Facade</p><br>
<p>GBM P6080022.jpgSouthwest corner</p><br>
<p>GBM Main Entrance P6080029.jpgMain entrance</p><br>
<p>GBM Fan light P7180062.jpgFan light over front door</p><br>
<p>GBM Dining Room P6080046.jpgDining Room</p><br>
<p>GBM 3rd Floor stairway P7180074.jpg3rd Floor Stairway</p><br>
<p>GBM Parlor P6080041.jpgParlor</p><br>
<p>GBM Date on Chimney P6080032.jpgCarved date on Chimney</p><br>
<p>GBM Upper Chimney P6080034.jpgChimney top</p><br>
<h2>National Register of Historic Sites</h2><br>
<p>Chesterton Commercial Historic District</p><br>
<p>Chesterton Residential Historic District</p><br>
<p>George Brown Mansion</p><br>
<p>Norris and Harriet Coambs Lustron House</p><br>
<p>New York Central Railroad Passenger Depot, Chesterton, Indiana</p><br>
<p>Martin Young House</p><br>
<p>Martin Young shows up in the abstracts of several significant real estate transactions that provided for the growth of the town of Chesterton. He does not appear to have had a major role in the development on the town, except it apparently provided him with the means to build the Italianate home on Second Street. Young&#39;s prominence in the community began with the death of Cornelia Woods. She owned numerous acres on the south and southeast sides of downtown Chesterton since 1872. When she died in 1891, her five children from two marriages could not agree of the dispensation of the estate. In October, 1891 they reached a settlement and allowed Commissioner George Morgan to sell the property to Martin Young for $5,400. Young bought two parcels, one of 42.52 acre and the other of 14 acre. “except one acre conveyed by grantors April 30, 1894 to the Chesterton Paint Manufacturing company”, this was the complete estate of Cornelia Woods. In 1907, the Chesterton Realty Company purchased the area east of Coffee Creek and platted the Morgan Park development. Martin Young received $8,220 for his land.</p><br>
<p>This "mansion" was built by Thomas Miles (1827 VA - 1893 Chesterton, IN) in 1878. (4/18/1878 Vidette Messenger) He was in Chesterton in 1880 with his wife Ellen (Morrical) Miles and six children. In 1889, Ellen left for Findlay, Ohio with the children. (12/13/1889 Chesterton Tribune) Martin Young bought the house in 1888 after Thomas Miles "met with a series of business reverses that rendered him bankrupt". Thomas Miles died July 1, 1893 and is buried in Chesterton cemetery with no gravestone. The obituary said he died "penniless." (7/7/1893 Chesterton) Today the house is known as the "Martin Young" house.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>National Register of Historic Sites</h2><br>
<p>Chesterton Commercial Historic District</p><br>
<p>Chesterton Residential Historic District</p><br>
<p>George Brown Mansion</p><br>
<p>Norris and Harriet Coambs Lustron House</p><br>
<p>New York Central Railroad Passenger Depot, Chesterton, Indiana</p><br>
<p>Martin Young House</p><br>
<p>The Redford Township District No. 5 School is a school building located at 18499 Beech Daly Road in Redford, Michigan. After 1923, the school was known as the Redford Union District No. 1 School, and the building was also called the Beech Road School. It is now known as the John C. Raeside Administration Building. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1994 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building on this site is the third school building to be constructed here. The first Redford Township District No. 5 School was a log building constructed c. 1842. The second school was a wood-frame structure built in the 1870s. The building currently on this site was built at some time between 1916 and 1921.</p><br>
<p>It is likely that this new school was constructed in response to the increased suburbanization of Redford Township and the consequent increase in the student population. In fact, from 1917 to 1920, the number of students attending Redford Township District No. 5 School increased from 47 to 76.</p><br>
<p>In 1923, six of Redford&#39;s school districts, including district No. 5, consolidated to form Union School District No. 1. After consolidation, this school was used as an elementary school until 1961.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Redford Township District No. 5 School is a one-story red brick school building with a hipped roof and a concrete foundation with raised basement. The front facade is symmetrical, with a projecting vestibule sheltering the central main entrance, flanked by three six-over-one double-hung windows on each side. The side facades originally had single windows; however, these have been boarded over, as have the basement windows. The roof is crowned with a belfry with arched openings. Exterior decoration is minimal, with a single brick beltcourse separating the basement and main floor, and vertical piers on the front and sides.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the school consists of two classrooms on the main floor and a two-room basement.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The school was built using stock plans available free of charge from the state superintendent of public instruction to any school district desiring them. These stock plans were created in response to legislation requiring the Superintendent&#39;s office to approve all school plans. Not only were the plans "calculated to met the requirements of most districts, both as to cost of the building and the peculiarities of the local site," but they were supposed to exemplify the "modern rural school building," one that was "planned to observe both hygienic needs and the conveniences of schoolroom administration."</p><br>
<p>The Redford Township District No. 5 School is a rare surviving unremodeled example of a school featuring every detail of the original plans, including the belfry, simple decorative brickwork, and east-facing facade.</p><br>
<p>Cathays Library is a Grade II* listed library building in Cathays, Cardiff, Wales. It is one of the 2,500 Carnegie libraries, financed by the American businessman Andrew Carnegie.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The library is situated on the northern edge of Cathays at the junction of Crwys Road, Whitchurch Road and Fairoak Road, opposite Gladstone Primary School. It backs onto Cathays Cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Preceding the current library was a Cathays Branch Reading Room which was opened in May 1890. It initially containing 300 books and had an assistant librarian.</p><br>
<p>The current library was constructed between 1906-7, though the panel above the main door is inscribed 1906. The building is in a Arts & Crafts Gothic style, designed by Cardiff architects Speir & Bevan. It has a generous single storey in a butterfly plan, with two main wings parallel to Whitchurch Road and Fairoak Road. The front gable ends have large windows each divided into four lights. The building&#39;s central entrance section has a narrow octagonal tower above it, with a leaded spire.</p><br>
<p>It has been designated in 1975 as a grade II* listed building, as "an especially accomplished and well-preserved Arts and Crafts design" with a "pioneering butterfly plan".</p><br>
<p>At various points in the 21st century Cathays Library has been threatened with closure, either due to reviews of the library services by Cardiff Council or claims of excessive repair costs. In 2003 1000 people signed a petition to keep the library open. In autumn 2009 the library closed for repairs and refurbishment. £1 million was spent (including £300,000 for the Welsh Government) to remove dry and damp rot, clean the exterior and bring the interior up to modern standards. It reopened in June 2010.</p><br>
<h2>Facilities</h2><br>
<p>The library reopened in 2010 keeping the original reception desk but with new modern furniture including moveable designer shelving. The west wing of the building was reopened, having previously been closed following an arson attack. The library had 15 public computers and a small meeting room for up to 10 people. The building has public toilets which had been restored.</p><br>
<p>The library is closed on Fridays and Sundays.</p><br>
<p>Qullikorsuit Island  is an uninhabited island in the Qaasuitsup municipality in northwestern Greenland. It is located in the northern part of Upernavik Archipelago.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Qullikorsuit Island was inhabited between 1916, when the Appaalissiorfik settlement was founded, and 1923, when it was abandoned. Appaalissiorfik was perched on the southwestern cape of the island, on the shores of the Appaalissiorfiup Ikerasaa strait.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>Location within the archipelago</h3><br>
<p>Qullikorsuit Island is located in the north-central part of Upernavik Archipelago, in the group between Kangerlussuaq Icefjord in the south, and Nuussuaq Peninsula in the north. The island defines the southern boundary of the Sugar Loaf Bay.</p><br>
<p>The island is the largest within the group, and is separated from the mainland of Greenland and smaller islands by narrow straits: from the unnamed nunataq on the mainland in the east by the narrow Ikerasassuaq strait, from the smaller, U-shaped Paornivik Island in the southeast by Paarniviup Tunua strait, from Mernoq Island in the south by the Mernup Tunua strait, and from Apparsuit Island by the Appaalissiorfiup Ikerasaa strait. The latter is an important waterway trail followed by the boats between Upernavik, the only town in the region, and smaller settlements in the north: Nuussuaq and Kullorsuaq. The neighboring Kittorsaq Island to the northwest is sometimes used as a stopover on the marine route from Nuussuaq to Tasiusaq, and further south to Upernavik.</p><br>
<h3>Topography</h3><br>
<p>The island is mountainous throughout. At 822 m, the Sullaussartooq mountain is the highest point on the island, with the top of the ridge permanently glaciated.</p><br>
<h3>Coastline</h3><br>
<p>The coastline of the island is generally undeveloped, despite two distinct peninsulas and shallow, unnamed bays in the south.</p><br>
<h4>Promontories</h4><br>
<p>Godfred Hansen Island is an uninhabited island of the Greenland Sea, Greenland.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Formerly known as Olga Island (Olgas Ø) —the name used by C.S. Poulsen— and Ragnas Ø —the name used by Henning Bistrup— at the time 1906–08 Danmark Expedition, the island was renamed in 1932 by the Gefion Expedition after Godfred Hansen (1876 - 1937), Danish polar explorer and first officer of the Gjøa, the first ship that made the Northwest Passage. The new name of the island was approved only after his death in 1937.</p><br>
<p>Gefion Havn is the harbour on the south coast of Godfred Hansen Island. It was named after three-masted Danish schooner Gefion of the Gefion Expedition which anchored in this harbour and unloaded building material for a hunting hut in 1932. The hunting station Ålborghus was built at the time of the 1938–39 Mørkefjord Expedition by the Nanok East Greenland Fishing Company (Østgrønlandsk Fangstkompagni Nanok A/S) in Gefion Havn, replacing the former hunting hut. The station was manned during the 1938–41 and 1945–52 periods, being maintained by Sirius Dog Sled Patrol (Slædepatruljen Sirius) until 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Godfred Hansen Island is a coastal island located east of Queen Louise Land in SW Dove Bay, south of Germania Land. The island has an area of 115 km ² and a shoreline of 53.7 kilometres.</p><br>
<p>The Nørresund is a sound on the north side of the island and Sønderstrand is a flat coastal stretch in the south.</p><br>
<p>Stakken is a small island east of Godfred Hansen and Sylbugten is a bay on the eastern side of the island, north of a mountain named Sylen. Gåsefjeldet is another mountain located north of Ålborghus Station.</p><br>
<p>Kiatassuaq Island  is an uninhabited island in the northern Upernavik Archipelago in the Qaasuitsup municipality in northwestern Greenland. It marks the southern border of Melville Bay.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The name of the island means "a large torso" in the Greenlandic language. Initially, before the northbound migration phase of the 1920s, the island was named differently: "Nuussuaq Ungalleq", or the farther large point, in reference to Nuussuaq Peninsula and Nuussuaq settlement some 45 kilometers to the south, with both names translating as "large tip".</p><br>
<p>Its Danish name Holm Ø (Holm Island) had been given in honour of officer of the Danish Navy and Arctic explorer Gustav Holm (1849 – 1940).</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Located in the southern part of Melville Bay, Kiatassuaq Island has an elongated shape, with an east-west orientation. It has an area of 180.9 km&sup2, with a shoreline of 81.8 km. Kullorsuaq is the closest settlement to Kiatassuaq Island, located on an island of the same name, 6.5 km to the north. Kiatassuaq Island is accessible only by boat.</p><br>
<p>The island is separated from the Sanningassorsuaq Peninsula on the mainland of Greenland by the Ikerasaa Strait. The strait is split into two channels, with the small Millissua Island straddling the middle. In the northeast, the Alison Bay separates the island from the Wandel Land nunatak. In the north, the Saqqarlersuup Sullua separates the island from the smaller, rocky Saqqarlersuaq Island and Kullorsuaq Island.</p><br>
<h3>Coastline</h3><br>
<p>The coastline of the island is generally undeveloped, with small inlets only in its eastern end, near the Ikerasaa Strait and the sibling Milissua Island.</p><br>
<h4>Promontories</h4><br>
<p>Although the southern boundary of Melville Bay is arbitrary, it is Wilcox Head, the western cape of Kiatassuaq Island, which is the most commonly referred to as the southern limit of the bay. Other definitions limit the bay to the Little Renland nunatak farther north where the coastline of mainland Greenland veers to the northwest, or expand it southwards to Nuussuaq Peninsula, on the other side of Inussulik Bay.</p><br>
<h2>Lakes and Mountains</h2><br>
<p>There is a number of smaller mountain lakes on the island, and one larger Tasersuaq Lake at the lower, eastern end of the island. The island is very mountainous, with a glaciated ridge spanning its entire length. The highest point on the island is an unnamed peak of 940 m in the center of the island. Several other summits of the island ridge exceed 700 m, from the massif overlooking Tasersuaq Lake in the east to the bastion over the Wilcox Head promontory in the west.</p><br>
<p>Princess Dagmar Island  is an uninhabited coastal island of the Wandel Sea in King Frederick VIII Land, Greenland.</p><br>
<p>The island was named after Princess Dagmar of Denmark.</p><br>
<p>The Danish military base/weather station Nord is located in the mainland east of the island, on the western side of Crown Prince Christian Land Peninsula.</p><br>
<p>In Vol. 14 of the Encyclopedia Arctica (unpublished, completet in 1951), Princess Dagmar Island is still not recognized as an island, but mentioned as a peninsula.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Princess Dagmar Island is located to the southeast of Princess Thyra Island and to the south of Princess Margaret Island, close to the coast of Crown Prince Christian Land in far northeastern Greenland. The island lies in a bay of the Wandel Sea formed by the confluence of Denmark Sound and Independence Sound. The island has an area of 144.5 km ² and has a shoreline of 55,8 kilometres.</p><br>
<p>The region of Greenland where the island lies was part of Avannaa, originally Nordgrønland ("North Greenland"), a former county of Greenland until 31 December 2008. The island is presently within the Northeast Greenland National Park.</p><br>
<p>Qaarsorsuaq Island  is an uninhabited island in the Qaasuitsup municipality in northwestern Greenland. At 124.7 km&sup2, The name of the island means "a large rock surface" in the Greenlandic language.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>Location within the archipelago</h3><br>
<p>Qaarsorsuaq Island is located in the outer belt of islands in the Upernavik Archipelago, in the group between the Upernavik Icefjord in the north, and Nunavik Peninsula in the south, approximately 7 km to the southeast of Upernavik town, from which it is separated by the smaller Akia Island.</p><br>
<p>In the north, the Torsuut strait separates it from Atilissuaq Island, and several skerries. In the northeast, small, low islands of Tapeq, Qeqertat, and Nunaa separate the island from the larger Aappilattoq Island, home to the Aappilattoq settlement. In the east and southeast, Qaarsorsuaq Island is separated from the large Nutaarmiut Island by the Akornat Strait.</p><br>
<h3>Coastline</h3><br>
<p>The island has a complicated shoreline, with several small bay and inlet indentiations. The largest inlet is the Saqqarsuaq Fjord in the south.</p><br>
<h4>Promontories</h4><br>
<p>Due to the complicated shoreline the island has a number of promontories, some of which bear identical names, such as Qoornoq and Apparsuit. The names: rock surface and rock fall (or rock wall), respectively, refer to the landform shapes of the promontories, and are very common in the archipelago.</p><br>
<h3>Mountains</h3><br>
<p>The island is mountainous throughout, with several distinct summits. The highest point on the island is the summit of the Sandersons Hope mountain in the western part of the island, at 1,042 m. Via a small isthmus in the north, the island is connected with an otherwise standalone mountain, the flooded peak of Umiasussuk, the trapezoid shape of which is the landmark of Upernavik town, visible from the Upernavik Airport and the entire eastern and northern coast of Upernavik Island.</p><br>
<h3>Valleys</h3><br>
<p>There are two significant valleys on the island. Saqqarsuup Itillia (old spelling: Sarqarssûp itivdlia) dissects the eastern part of the island into two separate massifs, the southern topping at a 910 m peak, and the northern topping at 470 m peak, to the east of the Umiasussuk mountain. The valley holds a small lake of the same name.</p><br>
<p>The southwestern coast is home to several small lakes, most of which are in the north-south oriented Itillersuaq (old spelling: Itivdlerssuaq) valley, through which leads a walking trail. The name of the valley means "a crossing point between two fjords" in the Greenlandic language.</p><br>
<p>Søren Norby Islands , named after Søren Norby, is an uninhabited archipelago close to the shores of Eastern Greenland. Administratively it is part of the Sermersooq municipality.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The archipelago is located on the southern side of Pikiulleq Bay. It includes a long coastal island and a great number of offshore islets and rocks, the largest of which is Pros Mund Island.</p><br>
<p>The main island is located north of the Fridtjof Nansen Peninsula, separated from the mainland by a 45 km long sound named Kagssortoq (Kattertooq), which has a width ranging between 0.7 and 6.5 km. The northern part of the island is also known as Jens Munk Island and the island&#39;s broader southern part has an ice cap.</p><br>
<p>The main island has an area of 470.7 km ² and a shoreline of 185.9 kilometres. Its southernmost point is Cape Lovelorn, projecting from a steep 280 m high headland at the northern limit of Umivik Bay.</p><br>
<p>Storo  is an uninhabited island in the Scoresby Sound fjord, Sermersooq Municipality, eastern Greenland.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Roughly triangular in shape, Storo lies to the SW of Renland and is separated by the Snesund from the NW shore of Milneland. The small Sorte Island lies off its southern point. The island lies between the Ofjord to the north and the Rode Fjord to the west; the mouths of the Hare Fjord and the Rype Fjord are off its northwestern end.</p><br>
<p>The island has an area of 198.3 km² and a shoreline of 63.3 kilometres. Storo has an ultra prominent mountain of 1,770 m in height.</p><br>
<p>Currently, the Canadian public company Greenland Resources Inc holds the mineral rights for Storø and is conducting advance exploration programs to evaluate the economic feasibility of building a gold mine.</p><br>
<p>Timmiarmiit  is an uninhabited island of the King Frederick VI Coast, Sermersooq municipality, southern Greenland.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The island is located at the entrance of the Timmiarmiut Fjord in a very indented area of King Frederick VI Coast in southeastern Greenland. Timmiarmiit&#39;s coastline is very irregular with a deep fjord on its eastern side that almost divides the island in two. It has an area of 229.3 km ² and a shoreline of 140.6 kilometres. It is separated from the mainland in the north by the Timmiarmiit Tunorqútariât, a narrow sound. Off its southern shoreline lie the islands of Aaluik and Ingmikârtajivit, as well as a multitude of islets and rocks.</p><br>
<p>The Qivítip Igtiva and Inukasingmit Paleo-Eskimo archaeological sites are located on the SW of the island —the latter on an islet off the shore— and the Sarpap Tupertivâ site on the NW headland. All former Inuit settlements on Timmiarmiit are on shoreline locations.</p><br>
<p>Lotterberg is a 305 m  high hill between the villages of Wolfershausen and Deute in Schwalm-Eder-Kreis, Hesse, Germany.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The hill is composed of basalt that fills the neck of a now-extinct volcano. The volcanic activity was during the Miocene (Neogene), that is it started and ended. This volcano was one of many in the West Hesse Depression.</p><br>
<p>The alkali basalt has a silica (SiO2) volume percentage of 45-55%.</p><br>
<p>The main minerals in the rock are plagioclase, augite and olivine.</p><br>
<p>On the west side of the Lotterberg is a deposit of loess, which formed after the last Quaternary glaciation.</p><br>
<h2>Flora</h2><br>
<p>Lotterberg is covered by a mixed forest and is used for forestry. The rare Turk&#39;s cap lily grows on the summit. The plant is protected under German conservation law.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>There is evidence that the area around Lotterberg was populated at least from the Late Paleolithic onwards, as has been shown for the Felsberg area in general, e.g. by the existence of The Rhünda Skull. A single find of an asymmetrical, facetted, Neolithic axe on Lotterberg collaborates this.</p><br>
<p>In 1921 the hessische Landesamt für Bodendenkmal (Hessian county office for ground monuments) opened up a number of tumuli of Funnelbeaker culture age (c. 4300 BC – ca. 2800 BC) in the area around Amselholz (see below). Above the normal soil layer was a very stony layer. The graves were filled with pure sand. Two spotted flintstones were found.</p><br>
<p>An urnfield of possibly Bronze Age has been found on Lotterberg. In addition, there was probably an Iron Age settlement on Lotterberg from the 4th to the 1st centuries BC. Remains of the settlement cannot be found, but archeologists have found a large number of Iron Age pottery fragments. They are layered and contain grains of quartz. The pieces of ceramic are coloured either yellow or grey-brown. A Roman mortarium was also found on Lotterberg.</p><br>
<p>In 1929, the American-British poet Wystan Hugh Auden traveled from Berlin to Marburg via Kassel. In his poem 1929 the hill-top he mentions is Lotterberg, as part of the Gudensberger Basaltkuppenlandschaft (basalt hill landscape of Gudensberg).</p><br>
<h2>Amselhof</h2><br>
<p>The Amselhof (blackbird courtyard), also known as Hof zur Amsel (courtyard to (the) blackbird), is a free-standing farm, which was once a guesthouse, on the eastern side of Lotterberg, on the edge of the forest. A Middle Age ridgeway that passed by Amselhof on the way to Kassel does not exist anymore.</p><br>
<p>In 1539 the term Amenschebnborg was first mentioned in a Kassel register, the Kasseler Salbuch, as part of Wolfenhausen&#39;s arable land. Amselburg is mentioned in 1558 to be on Lotterberg. The forest that belonged to Amselhof, Amselwald, is ascribed in 1579 as being used by villagers from Haldorf. In the archives of Marburg the 1694 cadastre for Wolfershausen and the related map of the village from 1688 does not show Amselhof, but it mentions that the oldest building of the guesthouse were built between 1694 and 1748. To begin with the guesthouse is mentioned, but not named in the cadastre from this time. At the end of the 17th century, the land lot is referred to as Amselburg.</p><br>
<p>The present-day half-timbered house with sandstone foundations was constructed by master craftsman Johann Hermann Alheit in 1776 from the wood of the previous house. Above the door, on the righthand oak beam, there is carving of a blackbird on a branch (see image on the right). In the first half of the 18th century Johannes Umbach ran a guesthouse at the Amselhof. In 1932 Konrad Dittmar took over the 27 morgen of arable and forestland at Amselhof and later passed it on to his son, Karl Dittmar. At the Amselhof, up until the 1970s, one felt one was back in the 19th century, because there was no electricity, running water, or telephone. Instead, the inhabitants of Amselhof used paraffin lamps in the evenings.</p><br>
<p>The Amselhof was the setting for the book Das rote Haus - eine Erzählung aus Hessen (the red house — a story from Hesse), written in 1933 by Wilhelm Ide (*18. Februar 1887 in Kassel; †18. Juli 1963 in Marburg).</p><br>
<h2>Horse's grave</h2><br>
<p>In the area of Amselholz on Lotterberg, close to Amselhof, there is a horses grave. The romantic grave made of red sandstone has a decoration of two horses heads. Engraved in the stone are the words, Hier ruhen Bella und Rosa, den 15ten Juni 1868 (Here lie Bella and Rosa, 15 June 1856). The horses buried here, are not, as was thought for a long time, from the Isabellen - a harnessed team of six belonging to the last Hessian Prince-elector, Friedrich Wilhelm I. Nevertheless, there are still two different stories about how the graves came to be.</p><br>
<p>In the first story, the two horses drew a carriage in which a hunter from Kassel often used to travel to his hunting ground in Amselwald on Lotterberg. One day, the old horses were not up to the effort anymore and the hunter, so that the horses wouldn&#39;t fall into other hands, shot them in Amselholz on 15 June 1856.</p><br>
<p>In the second story, the horses were two gray horses that belonged to the widow Biermann from Kassel. When the animals were old and couldn&#39;t pull the carriage anymore, the widow tried to give the horses to a farmer, who should put them up for stud. But because her request was turned down, she gave a hunting guest, a Rittmeister, instructions to shoot the 12- and 13-year-old horses in Amselholz.</p><br>
<h2>Legend</h2><br>
<p>There was a giant who lived on Lotterberg called Lothar. Because the giant Kunibert had stole Lothar&#39;s beloved, the giantess Nagathe, and tried to take her back to Heiligenberg (a nearby hill), Lothar threw a huge block of stone at him. The throw went wrong and the stone landed in the field next to the Eder river, where it can still be seen today as the Riesenstein, close to Wolfershausen.</p><br>
<p>Mader Stein, or Maderstein, is a 265 m  high hill in North Hesse, Schwalm-Eder-Kreis, north-east of the village of Maden, which belongs to the town of Gudensberg.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The hill is the remains of an extinct volcano that belongs to the West Hesse Depression.</p><br>
<p>The volcano was active in the Miocene, i.e. it began 20 million years ago and ended 7 million years ago. The only part of the volcano that is left is the neck; the rest has been eroded. The alkali basalt has a silica (SiO2) volume percentage of 45-55%.</p><br>
<p>The main minerals in the rock are plagioclase, augite and olivine.</p><br>
<p>The hill cannot be called a kuppe because the top is covered with rock formations. Instead Mader Stein can considered a rocky hillock. The columns of basalt of the hill are sub-horizontal, as at Scharfenstein.</p><br>
<h2>Biotope</h2><br>
<p>The hill, is part of a 311 ha Habitats Directive (German: Flora, Fauna, Habitat; FFH) conservation area that covers the Gudensberg region and the Falkenstein forest (FFH-Nr. 4721-304). Basalt is relatively poor in nutrients and minerals for plants, and the summit of the hill is very hot and dry in summer, which gives rise to unique flora successions. In particular, Dictamnus, a flowering plant in the family Rutaceae, is found on Mader Stein and Nenkel, although it is very rare in the rest of Germany.</p><br>
<p>To maintain this situation the town of Gudensberg regularly sends people to cut down bushes (in particular blackthorn) that encroach on the summit of the hill.</p><br>
<h2>Traditions</h2><br>
<p>In previous times the hill was climbed on Ascension Day to dance or collect wild herbs. During Advent a Christmas tree is illuminated on the top of the hill.</p><br>
<h2>Legend</h2><br>
<p>The first Christian church in Fritzlar was built by Saint Boniface in the year 732 from the wood of the Donar&#39;s Oak that he felled in Gaesmere, part of the town of Fritzlar, in the year 723/24.</p><br>
<p>It is said that the Devil, who lived on Mader Stein (or the nearby Lamsberg), wanted to destroy the church with a stone. There are two different versions of the next part:</p><br>
<p>Either the stone caught in his sleeve, or</p><br>
<p>the stone was deflected by the upheld shield of the archangel Michael.</p><br>
<p>Either way, the stone fell in a field on the outskirts of Maden. This is a real stone; a menhir called Wotanstein. The marks and scratches on the stone are said to have been caused by the devil&#39;s claws.</p><br>
